Psychological characteristics, sport engagement, and performance in alpine skiers

Fawver, Bradley; Cowan, Rhiannon L.; DeCouto, Brady S.; Lohse, Keith R.; Podlog, Leslie; Williams, A. Mark

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101616

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In fact, the nature of this variable may be the reason why this finding is in contrast with previous longitudinal studies, namely from youth soccer, reporting positive associations between training hours per week or per year and dribbling speed [ 36 ], skill composite [ 38 ], and slalom dribble test [ 39 ]. Also, our findings do not align with previous cross-sectional investigations with training data collected retrospectively, which showed a positive effect of average hours per year of engagement in sport-specific activities on technical performance of alpine skiers [ 43 ] and perceptual-cognitive skills of soccer players [ 44 ]. It is possible that the uniqueness of each sample, sport specificities, as well as differences in test protocols may be responsible for these discrepancies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Modelling the dynamics of change in the technical skills of young basketball players: The INEX study

et al. 2021

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Although technical skills are a prerequisite for success in basketball, little is known about how they develop over time. In this study, we model the trajectories of technical skill development in young basketball players and investigate the effects of training experience, training volume, body composition, maturity status, physical performance, and club characteristics on skill development. A total of 264 male basketballers from five age-cohorts (11 to 15 years of age) were followed consecutively over three years using a mixed-longitudinal design. Technical skills, training experience and volume, basic anthropometrics, body composition, biological maturation and physical performance were assessed bi-annually. A multilevel hierarchical linear model was used for trajectory analysis. Non-linear trends (p < 0.01) were observed in speed shot shooting, control dribble, defensive movement, slalom sprint, and slalom dribble. Being more experienced and physically fitter had a significant (p < 0.05) positive effect on technical skill development; greater fat-free mass negatively affected skills demanding quick running and rapid changes of direction with or without the ball (p < 0.05). Training volume and biological age did not explain differences in technical skill development (p > 0.05). Moreover, belonging to different clubs had no significant influence on the technical skills trajectories of players. Our findings highlight the important role that individual differences play, over and beyond club structure, in developing skills. Findings improve our understanding on how technical skills develop during adolescence through training, growth, and biological maturation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Modelling the dynamics of change in the technical skills of young basketball players: The INEX study

et al. 2021

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“…Fawver, Cowan DeCouto, Lohse, Podlog, Williams [24] 169 adolescent alpine skiers 15-18 years old (men n = 81; women n = 88) the USA Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) [9] There was no relationship between mental toughness and place in the ranking in technical and speed competitions in alpine skiing (p> 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mental toughness on sporting performance: review of studies

Guszkowska¹,

WÓJCIK²

2021

BJHPA

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The aim of the present review was to establish the correlation between mental toughness and sporting performance based on the results of studies published in scientific journals between 2000 and 2020. The keywords mental toughness and performance/ outcomes/ results/ competition were used to identify the papers. The search included the EBSCO and PubMed databases. Eventually, the analysis covered 18 articles. The research results presented in 16 papers confirmed the positive correlations of mental toughness with sport results and performance level. No such relationship was found only in equestrian and Alpine skiing athletes. Although mental toughness in basketball players did not correlate with the sport results, it was an important predictor. Higher mental toughness was found in athletes with better sports results, and it was a positive correlate or predictor of sports results. The relationships between mental toughness and competitive experience or age were not statistically significant. Various research tools were used to measure mental toughness: PPI, PPI-A, SMTQ, MTQ48, MTI, SMTI, MeBTough. The results confirm the positive correlation between mental toughness and sport results or performance levels in different sports, regardless of gender, age or level of sports skills. It seems appropriate to continue research on mental toughness in sport, including the relationship between mental toughness and sporting performance, differences between men and women, players in individual and team sports, the relationship between mental toughness and training experience, the athletes’ age, and the effectiveness of mental toughness programs.

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“…El estudio de qué factores psicológicos se relacionan con el rendimiento deportivo tiene un importante recorrido y un gran desarrollo en la literatura científica (Olmedilla, García-Mas y Ortega, 2017;Orlick y Partington, 1988;Raglin, 2001;Reigal, Delgado, López y Hernández-Mendo, 2018; Williams y Krane, 1998), resultando ser, además, uno de los pilares fundamentales en los que se asientan los principios y metodologías del entrenamiento psicológico de los deportistas (Gould, Guinan, Greenleaf, Medbery y Peterson, 1999;Greenleaf, Gould y Dieffenbach, 2001), ya sean jóvenes en formación (Foster, Maynard, Butt y Hays, 2016), o profesionales y de élite (Einarsson, KristjánsdÓttir y Saavedra, 2019). Los resultados de esta línea de investigación indican una estrecha relación entre el rendimiento deportivo y los factores psicológicos, tanto en deportistas de élite como aficionados (Abdullah, Musa, Maliki, Kosni y Suppiah, 2016;Albuquerque, dos Santos, Greco y Da Costa, 2019;Pulido-Pedrero, de la Vega-Marcos y Fuentes-García, 2019;Swann et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Además, una vez superada la perspectiva fenomenológica de la personalidad y su relación con el rendimiento de alto nivel , criticada por los investigadores más orientados a la práctica, se pasó del estudio de los rasgos tradicionales al estudio de las estrategias Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 21, 2 (abril) Diferencias psicológicas de género en fútbol juvenil 129 mentales, habilidades y conductas que los deportistas utilizan para competir y su relación con el éxito deportivo (Vallarino, García y Zecchini, 2020;Weinberg y Gould, 2018), lo que favorece una perspectiva mucho más volcada en las aplicaciones prácticas de los hallazgos de la investigación. Así, se ha podido constatar que las características psicológicas resultan muy importantes por el impacto directo en el rendimiento del deportista (Bell, Knight, Lovett y Shearer, 2020;Fawver et al, 2020;Gillham y Stone, 2020;Hevilla-Merino y Castillo-Rodríguez, 2018), y por la mediación que desempeñan entre las habilidades físicas, técnicas y tácticas (Anderson, Hanrahan, y Mallett, 2014;Arthur, Fitzwater, Roberts, Hardy y Arthur, 2017;Mahamud, Tuero y Márquez, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características psicológicas relevantes para el rendimiento deportivo: diferencias de género en fútbol juvenil

Olmedilla

Cánovas²,

Olmedilla-Caballero³

et al. 2021

Cuad. psicol. deporte

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El estudio de los factores psicológicos relacionados con el rendimiento deportivo tiene un importante recorrido en la literatura científica. Conocer si existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres deportistas, cuáles son estas, y en qué aspectos se manifiestan es una cuestión que podría ayudar a mejorar la labor de entrenadores y técnicos deportivos. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existen diferencias de género en el perfil psicológico de futbolistas juveniles relacionado con el rendimiento deportivo. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo transversal. La muestra objeto de estudio estuvo formada por un total de 329 jugadores juveniles de fútbol (46.8% varones y 53,2% mujeres), con una edad media de 17.02 (±1.50) años;. Para la evaluación de las características psicológicas se utilizó el Cuestionario Características Psicológicas Relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD). Los resultados de este estudio indican que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre chicos y chicas en control de estrés (CE), influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento (IER) y en cohesión de equipo (CH). Los jugadores chicos manifiestan puntuaciones mayores que las jugadoras chicas en CE, es decir, gestionan mejor el estrés propio de la competición, y en IER, es decir, los jugadores chicos gestionan mejor que las jugadoras chicas el impacto que supone la evaluación de su rendimiento, el que hacen los otros (entrenadores, compañeros, padres/madres, etc.) y el que se hace a sí mismo. Sin embargo, las jugadoras chicas presentan mejores puntuaciones en CH, es decir, manifiestan una mayor tendencia a trabajar en grupo y fortalecer el equipo. The study of psychological factors related to sports performance has an important track record in the scientific literature. Knowing if there are differences between male and female athletes, what they are, and in what aspects they manifest is an issue that could help improve the work of coaches and sports technicians. The aim of this study is to determine if there are gender differences in the psychological profile of youth soccer players related to sports performance. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The sample under study was formed by a total of 329 youth soccer players (46.8% male and 53,2% female), with an average age of 17.02 (± 1.50) years. The Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire Related to Sports Performance (CPRD) was used to evaluate psychological characteristics. The results of this study indicate that there are statistically significant differences between male and female in stress control (CE), influence of performance evaluation (IER) and in team cohesion (CH). The male players show higher scores than the female players in CE, that is, they better manage the stress of the competition, and in IER, that is, the male players manage better than the female players the impact of evaluating their performance, the one that others do (coaches, partners, fathers / mothers, etc.) and the one that makes itself. However, female players have better CH scores, that is, they show a greater tendency to work in groups and strengthen the team. O estudo de fatores psicológicos relacionados ao desempenho esportivo tem um histórico importante na literatura científica. Saber se existem diferenças entre atletas masculinos e femininos, o que são e em que aspectos eles se manifestam é uma questão que pode ajudar a melhorar o trabalho de treinadores e técnicos esportivos. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar se existem diferenças de gênero no perfil psicológico de jovens jogadores de futebol relacionados ao desempenho esportivo. Foi utilizado um desenho descritivo de corte transversal. A amostra estudada foi composta por um total de 329 jogadores de futebol juvenil (46,8% masculino e 53,2% feminino), com idade média de 17,02 (± 1,50) anos. O Questionário de Características Psicológicas Relacionadas ao Desempenho Esportivo (CPRD) foi utilizado para avaliar as características psicológicas. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que existem diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre meninos e meninas no controle do estresse (EC), influência da avaliação de desempenho (IER) e na coesão da equipe (HC). Os jogadores pequenos apresentam pontuações mais altas do que as jogadoras da CE, ou seja, administram melhor o estresse da competição, e no IER, ou seja, os jogadores pequenos gerenciam melhor do que as jogadoras o impacto de avaliar seu desempenho , o que os outros fazem (treinadores, parceiros, pais / mães, etc.) e o que se faz. No entanto, as jogadoras têm melhores pontuações no HC, ou seja, mostram maior tendência a trabalhar em grupo e fortalecer a equipe

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Psychological characteristics, sport engagement, and performance in alpine skiers

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Modelling the dynamics of change in the technical skills of young basketball players: The INEX study

Modelling the dynamics of change in the technical skills of young basketball players: The INEX study

Effect of mental toughness on sporting performance: review of studies

Características psicológicas relevantes para el rendimiento deportivo: diferencias de género en fútbol juvenil

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