Psychological Benefits of Nonpharmacological Methods Aimed for Improving Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Šumec, Rastislav; Filip, Pavel; Sheardová, Kateřina; Bareš, Martin

doi:10.1155/2015/620674

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Unfortunately, to date no medication has been shown to slow progression in PD. Some supportive therapies such as exercise have shown improved quality of life [ 2 , 3 ], but there is a significant need to continue exploring therapies that might improve symptoms and positively impact the disease process. PD patients often seek adjunct therapies such as dietary supplements, even though most have little to no supportive data [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetyl Cysteine May Support Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease: Preliminary Clinical and Cell Line Data

et al. 2016

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BackgoundThe purpose of this study was to assess the biological and clinical effects of n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsThe overarching goal of this pilot study was to generate additional data about potentially protective properties of NAC in PD, using an in vitro and in vivo approach. In preparation for the clinical study we performed a cell tissue culture study with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons that were treated with rotenone as a model for PD. The primary outcome in the cell tissue cultures was the number of cells that survived the insult with the neurotoxin rotenone. In the clinical study, patients continued their standard of care and were randomized to receive either daily NAC or were a waitlist control. Patients were evaluated before and after 3 months of receiving the NAC with DaTscan to measure dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) to measure clinical symptoms.ResultsThe cell line study showed that NAC exposure resulted in significantly more mDA neurons surviving after exposure to rotenone compared to no NAC, consistent with the protective effects of NAC previously observed. The clinical study showed significantly increased DAT binding in the caudate and putamen (mean increase ranging from 4.4% to 7.8%; p<0.05 for all values) in the PD group treated with NAC, and no measurable changes in the control group. UPDRS scores were also significantly improved in the NAC group (mean improvement of 12.9%, p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe results of this preliminary study demonstrate for the first time a potential direct effect of NAC on the dopamine system in PD patients, and this observation may be associated with positive clinical effects. A large-scale clinical trial to test the therapeutic efficacy of NAC in this population and to better elucidate the mechanism of action is warranted.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02445651

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetyl Cysteine May Support Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease: Preliminary Clinical and Cell Line Data

et al. 2016

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“…There has been a recent spur in innovative assessment and rehabilitation approaches to Parkinson's disease [29][30][31], with complementary physical therapies being considered as useful for mobility and quality of life [32,33].…”

Section: Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Therapy for Balance Training in Aging and Neurological Disorders

Alves¹,

Santos²

2016

J. Adv. Neurosci. Res.

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Balance training has been applied to compensate and rehabilitate balance dysfunctions in healthy aging and neurological disorders. Technological advances have allowed the development of interactive and feedback systems as an application of virtual reality to balance training. Research shows encouraging results on the benefits and effects of virtual reality balance training in normal aging and conditions such as acquired brain injury (e.g. Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Parkinson, Multiple Sclerosis). However definite conclusions on the efficacy, cost-effectiveness and optimal parameters of virtual reality balance training remain to be established. We here provide a current perspective on the available evidence for the applications and effects of virtual reality balance training in healthy aging and neurological disorders.

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“…Progressive resistance exercise can affect the balance maintenance in PD patients effectively (16,17). The National Parkinson Foundation has recommended Tai Chi for PD patients as complementary therapy but little evidence has been provided via clinical trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tai Chi versus routine exercise in patients with early- or mild-stage Parkinson's disease: a retrospective cohort analysis

Liu

Dai

et al. 2020

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Parkinson's disease cannot be cured but symptoms can be improved by making use of physical therapy. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of routine exercises and Tai Chi on physical and clinical performance in elderly people suffering from Parkinson's disease. Data from interviews, physical and clinical performance, and levodopa consumption of 500 patients with confirmed Parkinson's disease (severity level I to III) were collected and analyzed. Participants who received 80 min/day Tai Chi 3 times/week for 2 months were included in the Tai Chi (TC) group (n=250) and those who received 90 min/day routine exercise 3 times/week for 2 months were included in routine exercise (RE) group (n=250). Timed up-and-go, 50-foot speed walk, and functional reach were improved by Tai Chi and routine exercise (Po0.05 for all) but intensities of Tai Chi for improvement of such parameters was higher than routine exercise. Incidence of falls was decreased by both physical therapies (Po0.05 for all) but more for the TC group (Po0.0001, q=38.512). In the TC group, at the end of follow-up, 22 (9%) patients were successful in withdrawal of levodopa treatment. Also, the dose of levodopa was decreased in patients of the TC group who had to continue levodopa. Tai Chi had the potential to slow down the progression of symptoms of Parkinson's disease and delayed the introduction of levodopa (level of evidence: III).

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Psychological Benefits of Nonpharmacological Methods Aimed for Improving Balance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Cited by 61 publications

References 148 publications

N-Acetyl Cysteine May Support Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease: Preliminary Clinical and Cell Line Data

N-Acetyl Cysteine May Support Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease: Preliminary Clinical and Cell Line Data

Virtual Reality Therapy for Balance Training in Aging and Neurological Disorders

Tai Chi versus routine exercise in patients with early- or mild-stage Parkinson's disease: a retrospective cohort analysis

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