Psychological and Biological Correlates of Fatigue After Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Bay, Esther; Xie, Yan

doi:10.1177/0193945909334856

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Of the physical problems, fatigue was endorsed by just over half of controls vs. a clear majority by those with TBI. This is consistent with studies that report that college students report high levels of fatigue [19], but also that fatigue is a predominant complaint of individuals with TBI [20,21] and correlates with stress [22]. With regards to psychosocial issues, more individuals with TBI endorsed these than controls, consistent with studies that have found higher reports of depression and anxiety after injury [23,24].…”

Section: Health Effects and College Challenges: Differences Between Tsupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychometric properties of the college survey for students with brain injury: Individuals with and without traumatic brain injury

2014

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Section: Health Effects and College Challenges: Differences Between Tsupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychometric properties of the college survey for students with brain injury: Individuals with and without traumatic brain injury

2014

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“…For AUC, Low BO: Nl, moderate: increased, severe: decreasedRydstedt [40]200976HealthyNRWSDAC, NSCNl DAC, Nl NSCPapadopoulos [55]200938CFSCFQ and SF-36MSC, AUC, morning AUC, 0,5 mg DST↑MSC, ↑AUC, ↑MAUC, Nl 0.5 mg DSTData on absolute cortisol levels at each point not published. DST reduction evaluated by percent reduction.Bay [72]200975Post traumatic brain injuryPOMSAUCNl AUCCorrelation between brain injury-related fatigue level and cortisol AUC. Basal and NSC results not reported; SCR not evaluated.Sudhaus [73]200943Chronic LombalgiaMFIDAC, CAR, MAUC↓CAR, Nl DAC, Nl MAUC (correlation between fatigue levels among low back pain subjects)Lindeberg [36]200878HealthySF-36DAC, CAR, NSC, SCRNl DAC, ↓CAR, Nl NSC, ↓SCRSertoz [42]200872H/BMaslachBasal and post 1.0 mcg DST cortisolNl basal cortisol and 1.0 mg DSTBellingrath [43]2008101H/BMaslach and MaastrichtDAC, CAR, NSC, SCR, 0.25 mg DSTNl DAC, Nl CAR, Nl NSC, Nl SCR, ↓0.25 mg DSTNater [57]2008185CFSSF-36 and MFIDAC, CAR, MAUCNl DAC, Nl CAR, ↓MAUCTorres-Harding [56]2008108CFSFSEAUC, SCRNl AUC, Nl SCRMultiple psychological tests performed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic review

Cadegiani

Kater

2016

BMC Endocr Disord

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BackgroundThe term “adrenal fatigue” (“AF”) has been used by some doctors, healthcare providers, and the general media to describe an alleged condition caused by chronic exposure to stressful situations. Despite this, “AF” has not been recognized by any Endocrinology society, who claim there is no hard evidence for the existence. The aim of this systematic review is to verify whether there is substantiation for “AF”.MethodsA systematic search was performed at PUBMED, MEDLINE (Ebsco) and Cochrane databases, from the beginning of the data until April 22nd, 2016. Searched key words were: “adrenal” + “fatigue”, “adrenal” + “burnout”, “adrenal” + “exhaustion”, “hypoadrenia”, “burnout” + “cortisol”, “fatigue” + “cortisol”, “clinical” + “burnout”, “cortisol” + “vitalility”, “adrenal” + “vitality”, and “cortisol” + “exhaustion”. Eligibility criteria were: (1) articles written in English, (2) cortisol profile and fatigue or energy status as the primary outcome, (3) performed tests for evaluating the adrenal axis, (4) absence of influence of corticosteroid therapy, and (5) absence of confounding diseases. Type of questionnaire to distinct fatigued subjects, population studied, tests performed of selected studies were analyzed.ResultsFrom 3,470 articles found, 58 studies fulfilled the criteria: 33 were carried in healthy individuals, and 25 in symptomatic patients. The most assessed exams were “Direct Awakening Cortisol” (n = 29), “Cortisol Awakening Response” (n = 27) and “Salivary Cortisol Rhythm” (n = 26).DiscussionWe found an almost systematic finding of conflicting results derived from most of the studies methods utilized, regardless of the validation and the quality of performed tests. Some limitations of the review include: (1) heterogeneity of the study design; (2) the descriptive nature of most studies; (3) the poor quality assessment of fatigue; (4) the use of an unsubstantiated methodology in terms of cortisol assessment (not endorsed by endocrinologists); (5) false premises leading to an incorrect sequence of research direction; and, (6) inappropriate/invalid conclusions regarding causality and association between different information.ConclusionThis systematic review proves that there is no substantiation that “adrenal fatigue” is an actual medical condition. Therefore, adrenal fatigue is still a myth.

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“…Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. The PSS is a widely used general measurement of perceived stress and it has accrued considerable reliability and validity data since inception with internal consistency alphas ranging from 0.83 – 0.87 (Bay & Xie, 2009; Ezzati et al, 2013; Mahon, Yarcheski, Yarcheski, & Hanks, 2007). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobehavioral examination of fatigue across populations: Report from a P30 Center of Excellence

et al. 2014

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Objectives This paper reports the cross-studies analysis of projects from the P30 Center of Excellence for Biobehavioral Approaches to Symptom Management. Although the projects investigated diverse populations, a consistent theoretical and empirical approach guided each project. Methods Common data elements included measures of psychobehavioral variables: the PROMIS Shortform fatigue scale, the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Plasma cytokines were measured as the shared biological data element. Results Data were analyzed from 295 participants with fibromyalgia (N=72), second trimester pregnancy (N=73), sickle cell anemia (N=60), and cardiometabolic risk (N=91). The mean age of participants was 35.4 years and most participants were female. Levels of symptoms were generally elevated across samples: the level of fatigue ranged from 18.9 to 24.7, depressive symptoms from 12.5–23.4 and perceived stress from 16.5–21.8. Inter-correlations among symptom measures and perceived stress were strong across the samples. However, correlations among psychobehavioral variables and cytokines were variable, indicating a separate relationship for the measures with cytokines. Conclusion Future work in symptom science could benefit from common data elements, including biomarkers, across populations to better develop the taxonomy of symptom profiles across conditions.

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Psychological and Biological Correlates of Fatigue After Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Psychometric properties of the college survey for students with brain injury: Individuals with and without traumatic brain injury

Psychometric properties of the college survey for students with brain injury: Individuals with and without traumatic brain injury

Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic review

Biobehavioral examination of fatigue across populations: Report from a P30 Center of Excellence

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