Psychobiological effects of chronic ethnic discrimination in Turkish immigrants: Stress responses to standardized face-to-face discrimination in the laboratory

Goreis, Andreas; Nater, Urs M.; Skoluda, Nadine; Mewes, Ricarda

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105785

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, the first two centimeters closest to the scalp were used to determine HCC which reflect the cumulative cortisol secretion during the last two months [ 49 ]. Hair analysis was conducted in Vienna, Austria, following laboratory protocol described by Goreis et al (2022), with using 10 mg finely cut hair (for further details, see [ 51 ]). Cortisol levels were determined by using a commercially available cortisol luminescence immunoassay (LIA; IBL International, a Tecan Group company, Hamburg, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between study conditions and hair cortisol in medical students in Germany – a cross-sectional study

Heming

Angerer

Apolinário-Hagen

et al. 2023

J Occup Med Toxicol

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Background Medical students often experience high levels of stress due to adverse study conditions, which may have adverse health consequences. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has been described as a physiological marker for chronic stress and might thus help to identify students under stress and examine the study conditions being responsible for long-term physiological stress responses. This study therefore investigated the association between study conditions and HCC in a sample of medical students. Methods Fifty-five students from a medical school in Germany completed a paper-based questionnaire and had hair samples collected between May 2020 and July 2021. Study conditions were assessed with student versions of questionnaires based on the Job-Demand-Control-Support model (StrukStud, 25 items) and Effort-Reward Imbalance model (Student ERI, nine items). HCC of two centimeters closest to the scalp were determined by a cortisol luminescence immunoassay. Linear multiple regression analyses were performed to examine associations between study conditions and HCC. Results Demands (B = 0.23, p = 0.002), effort (B = 0.12, p = 0.029) and the effort-reward-ratio (B = 0.28, p = 0.007) were positively associated with HCC in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex. Only the association between demands and HCC remained significant when all components of the respective questionnaire were considered in the same model (B = 0.22, p = 0.003). Conclusion The results suggest that adverse study conditions may be associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response as reflected by increased HCC. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm these cross-sectional results and examine effects of more prolonged stress due to adverse study conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between study conditions and hair cortisol in medical students in Germany – a cross-sectional study

Heming

Angerer

Apolinário-Hagen

et al. 2023

J Occup Med Toxicol

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“…This 3-cm segment is thought to reflect the cumulative cortisol secretion of the past 3 months. Hair-washing and cortisol extraction procedures were based on a laboratory protocol first described by Stalder et al [35], with minor modifications [36,37]. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variance (CV) of the immunoassay were below 5% (1.9% and 4.6%, respectively).…”

Section: Hair Cortisol Concentration (Hcc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term cortisol secretion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: roles of sex, comorbidity, and symptom presentation

Pauli‐Pott

Skoluda

Nater

et al. 2023

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Low activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) has been found in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The condition may be related to the reduced attention regulation capacity and/or to comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Sex differences are probable but not sufficiently studied. We analyzed the HPAA activity and sympathetic nervous system reactivity (SR) in children with ADHD while accounting for ADHD symptom presentation, comorbidity, and sex differences. The sample comprised 205 children, 98 (61 boys, 37 girls) with ADHD and 107 (48 boys, 59 girls) healthy controls. DSM-5 phenotypic symptom presentation and comorbid ODD/CD were assessed using clinical interviews. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was used to assess the long-term, cumulative activity of the HPAA. SR was assessed via skin conductance response (SCR). For control purposes, comorbid internalizing symptoms and indicators of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were assessed. Children were medication naive. Boys presenting with predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) showed lower HCC than healthy boys. Girls presenting with combined symptoms (ADHD-C) showed higher HCC than did healthy girls (p’s < 0.05, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,194) = 4.09, p = 0.018). Boys with ADHD plus ODD/CD showed a blunted SR (p < 0.001, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,172) = 3.08, p = 0.048). Adjustment for ACE indicators led to non-significant differences in HCC but did not affect differences in SR. HCC constitutes an easily assessable, reliable, and valid marker of phenotypic ADHD-related features (i.e. symptom presentation and comorbidity). It indicates more homogenous subgroups of ADHD and might point to specifically involved pathophysiological processes.

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“…The present study, therefore, extends previous research by investigating the effects of chronic ethnic discrimination on psychological factors among Turkish immigrants living in Austria using a 30-day ambulatory assessment design. Moreover, the ambulatory assessment data will be connected to subjective and biological data (salivary cortisol to assess the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal [HPA] axis) assessed in a laboratory study [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it may spill over into other domains and affect proximal outcomes such as the use of maladaptive coping strategies and rumination. The chronicity of ethnic discrimination—measured retrospectively—has also been shown to be associated with the magnitude of the psychological stress response to acute discrimination in laboratory studies (e.g., [ 8 ]). However, these studies were limited to single discriminatory events and did not assess immediate psychological responses in a natural setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discrimination against Turkish immigrants is widespread, and male Turkish immigrants report more experiences of discrimination than females (e.g., [ 24 ]). Moreover, the present study is part of a broader research project investigating biological correlates of ethnic discrimination (using endocrine and physiological outcomes, see [ 8 ]), and females show greater variability in hormone levels depending on the menstrual cycle phase or the use of hormonal contraceptives. For these reasons, we chose to focus on male participants in the project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Consequences of Chronic Ethnic Discrimination in Male Turkish Immigrants Living in Austria: A 30-Day Ambulatory Assessment Study

Goreis,

Nater,

Mewes

2023

Annals of Behavioral Medicine

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Background Chronic ethnic discrimination may be associated with negative psychological consequences in ethnic minority groups. However, little is known about the impact of acute discriminatory events on people who experience chronic ethnic discrimination. Purpose We examined the impact of chronic and acute ethnic discrimination on the daily lives of Turkish immigrants in Austria, a population often overlooked in discrimination research. Methods Ninety male Turkish immigrants living in Austria (60 experiencing chronic and 30 infrequent ethnic discrimination) reported discriminatory events in real time for 30 days. Additionally, subjective stress, reactivity to daily hassles, affect, and maladaptive coping were assessed daily. Results Participants experiencing chronic ethnic discrimination indicated higher daily values for stress, negative affect, reactivity to daily hassles, and anticipation and avoidance coping. Negative psychological states increased for all participants on days when discriminatory events occurred, but participants with chronic ethnic discrimination showed significantly stronger increases in maladaptive coping and reactivity to daily hassles, with the latter effect persisting until the next day. Conclusions Our study is the first to demonstrate interaction effects of chronic and acute ethnic discrimination on psychological factors in daily life. The results may advance the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to health disparities in ethnic minority populations and may inform the development of targeted interventions.

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Psychobiological effects of chronic ethnic discrimination in Turkish immigrants: Stress responses to standardized face-to-face discrimination in the laboratory

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

The association between study conditions and hair cortisol in medical students in Germany – a cross-sectional study

The association between study conditions and hair cortisol in medical students in Germany – a cross-sectional study

Long-term cortisol secretion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: roles of sex, comorbidity, and symptom presentation

Psychological Consequences of Chronic Ethnic Discrimination in Male Turkish Immigrants Living in Austria: A 30-Day Ambulatory Assessment Study

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