Psychische Belastung und die Akzeptanz von gewaltlegitimierenden Männlichkeitsnormen bei Jugendlichen

Abstract

The proportion of adolescent migrants in Germany aged 15-20 years has risen to about 29.5% in 2014 according to Federal census statistics. The purpose of the current study was to describe and to compare the psychological strains of adolescent 1 and 2 generation migrants with non-migrants in a representative school survey. Acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms was explored and its correlation with psychological strain was analyzed. Self-reported data of psychological strain (internalizing and externalizing problems) and acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity were gathered among 8 518 pupils aged 12-19 years across different school types. Among the surveyed adolescents, 27.6% reported a migration background (5.8% 1 generation migrants; 21.8% 2 generation migrants). Particularly 1 generation migrants scored higher in internalizing and externalizing problems than 2 generation migrants or non-migrants. The differences, however, were small. Adolescents with migration background suffered from educational disadvantage, especially 1 generation migrants. Male adolescents reported significantly higher acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms than their female counterparts. Strong agreement with the measured concept of masculinity was found among pupils of lower secondary school and adolescents reported regularly tobacco and cannabis consumption. The acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms was greater among migrants, particularly 1 generation migrants, than non-migrants. Overall, high acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms was related to externalizing problems, which can be understood as dysfunctional coping mechanisms of social disadvantage and a lack of prospects.

The relationship between acculturation and mental health of 1st generation immigrant youth in a representative school survey: does gender matter?

“…Although there is evidence that the majority of young immigrants adapt well in their new intercultural setting [ 5 ], research has consistently demonstrated that immigrant adolescents are at increased risk for psychological distress [ 6 – 9 ], which is particularly the case for 1st generation immigrants [ 10 – 12 ]. Consistent with the literature, we found in our previous analysis of a representative school survey with 8518 pupils aged 12 to 19 years attending various school types differences in sociocultural and psychological adaptation between adolescents with migration background and their majority peers [ 13 ]. The study showed that 1st generation immigrants scored higher on internalizing and externalizing problems than 2nd generation immigrants or non-immigrants.…”

“…Regardless of immigration background, female adolescents reported more internalizing problems than their male counterparts. No gender difference emerged for externalizing problems [13].…”

“…This observed connection was particularly salient among younger males compared to their female peers. An alternative explanation might be that particularly among adolescents from traditional cultures, girls are more motivated to attach to "Western" values that give women greater freedom [35], whereas boys are more likely to identify themselves with traditional values like masculinity norms in order to maintain their social status [13]. Moreover, the results showed that adolescents were more likely to report an assimilation and integration acculturation profile with increasing age, whereas the separation acculturation profile was more likely among younger pupils.…”

“…Despite inconsistent finding in acculturation research, empirical evidence demonstrated the association between a separation profile and reduced physical and mental health in immigrants living in Germany [41,42]. The educational disadvantages of immigrants compared to their not immigrated peers with German origin [13] might further represent a potential threat to immigrants not to achieve social status in the majority society [35], which might be buffered by the identification with the culture of origin. Following this hypothesis, the lower educational attainment in immigrant boys might explain their higher separation profiles.…”

Psychosoziale Versorgung von Geflüchteten

“…stellen ein äußerst gelungenes Praxisbeispiel vor, einen Ressourcen orientierten therapeutischen Psychosoziale Versorgung von Geflüchteten Mental Health Services for Refugees Ansatz zur Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen bei Geflüchteten. Dieser wurde schon bei verschiedenen Gruppen von Flüchtlingen eingesetzt und seine Wirksamkeit bei einer kontrollierten Studie belegt.In der Studie von Klein et al[16] werden Einstellungen von Jugendlichen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund verglichen und ihre Assoziation zu psychishen Belastungen untersucht.…”