Psychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Appraisal following the Near Sinking of a Research Submarine

Berg, Jennifer S.; Grieger, Thomas A.; Spira, James

doi:10.7205/milmed.170.1.44

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2) research focusing on the stress situation, anxiety and other stress symptoms as a result of an emergency situation in a submarine. Some of this research has been done in simulators (Berg et al, 2005;Eid, 2004;Espevik et al, 2006;Slaven & Windle, 1999;Van Wijk, 2001). 3) research focusing on physiological reactions as a result of stress situations during submarine missions and how these affect the human body (Cymerman et al, 2002;Risberg et al, 2004).…”

Section: Submarine As An Extreme Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Good Coping: A Submarine Crew Coping with Extreme Environmental Conditions

Kimhi¹

2011

PSYCH

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The present study is based on in-depth interviews with 12 Israeli submarine crew members. The study examines various aspects of coping with submarine service and its unique characteristics from the crew members' points of view. Content analysis reveals the following salient themes: First, positive perception of submarine service: positive thinking, optimism and sense of humor, accompanied by cynicism. Second, the submarine team is characterized by high moral standards, high team spirit and a sense of the importance of the service. Third, social relationships are characterized by avoidance of conflicts, while maintaining a good atmosphere and high social cohesion. Fourth, crew members perceived separation from home, friends and daily life as the most difficult aspects to deal with. Fifth, they perceived the submarine as dangerous place but reduced aspects of danger by developing a sense of trust in their submarine and in their ability to control potential dangers. Study results are discussed in light of relevant theories. This study is unique in that it was a rare opportunity to get a glimpse into the unknown world of an Israeli submarine crew which is mostly secret and not open to researchers.

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Section: Submarine As An Extreme Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Good Coping: A Submarine Crew Coping with Extreme Environmental Conditions

Kimhi¹

2011

PSYCH

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“…In a meta-analysis of studies on PTSD, Ozer et al [2003] found that, of the seven predictors examined, peritraumatic dissociation had the largest effect size for predicting PTSD symptoms. In a study of crew members who survived a flooding and fire incident on a submarine, investigators found that peritraumatic dissociation was associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent PTSD [Berg et al, 2005], and in young adult survivors of community violence, peritraumatic dissociation was highly correlated with the develop- Close, confiding relationships, future planning, self-esteem, self-efficacy [Rutter, 1987] ment of PTSD [Marshall and Schell, 2002]. This retrospective research has been criticized on the grounds that it relied on the tenuous ability of patients to recall their dissociative symptoms well after the trauma occurred [Candel and Merckelbach, 2004].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience: research evidence and conceptual considerations for posttraumatic stress disorder

2007

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The growing recognition and occurrence of traumatic exposure in the general population has given increased salience to the need to understand the concept of resilience. More than just the "flip side" of a risk factor, the notion of resilience encompasses psychological and biological characteristics, intrinsic to an individual, that might be modifiable and that confer protection against the development of psychopathology in the face of stress. In this review, we provide some perspective on the concept of "resilience" by examining early use of the term in research on "children at risk" and discuss the relationship between risk and resilience factors. We then review psychological and biological factors that may confer resilience to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma, examine how resilience has been assessed and measured, and discuss issues to be addressed in furthering our understanding of this critical concept going forward.

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“…The majority of cross-sectional, retrospective studies suggest that peritraumatic dissociation predicts PTSD (Berg, Grieger, & Spira, 2005; Bremner et al, 1992; Hetzel & McCanne, 2005; Marmar et al, 1994; Tichenor, Marmar, Weiss, Metzler, & Ronfeldt, 1996; Weiss et al, 1995). However, recollections of peritraumatic reactions are often inconsistent over time and are potentially biased by current symptoms (Harvey & Bryant, 2000; Southwick, Morgan, Nicolaou, & Charney, 1997; Zoellner, Sacks, & Foa, 2001).…”

Section: Conceptual and Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis

Bedard‐Gilligan

Zoellner

2012

Memory

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Several prominent theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) posit that peritraumatic dissociation results in insufficient encoding of the trauma memory and that persistent dissociation prevents memory elaboration, resulting in memory fragmentation and PTSD. In this review, we summarize the empirical literature on peritraumatic and trait dissociation and trauma narrative fragmentation as measured by meta-memory and rater/objective coding. Across 16 studies to date, the association between dissociation and fragmentation was most prominent when examining peritraumatic dissociation and patient's own ratings of memory fragmentation. This relationship did not hold when examining trait dissociation or rater-coded or computer-generated measures of fragmentation. Thus, initial evidence points more toward a strong self-reported association between constructs that is not supported on more objective fragmentation coding. Measurement overlap, construct ambiguity, and exclusion of potential confounds may underlie lack of a strong association between dissociation and objective-rated fragmentation.

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Psychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Appraisal following the Near Sinking of a Research Submarine

Abstract: Acute exposures of highly trained professionals to potentially fatal events may not result in high levels of posttraumatic symptoms. Previous and subsequent life events may play a more significant role in the level of postdisaster symptoms.

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Understanding Good Coping: A Submarine Crew Coping with Extreme Environmental Conditions

Understanding Good Coping: A Submarine Crew Coping with Extreme Environmental Conditions

Resilience: research evidence and conceptual considerations for posttraumatic stress disorder

Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis

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