Psychiatric stigma in the classical and medieval period: A review of the literature

Stigmatisation of psychiatric disorder

“…Patients with psychiatric (and other) disorders have been stigmatised for at least 2000 years (Rosen, 1968;Fabrega, 1990). Stigmatisation, contrary to what some have said (e.g.…”

“…Common attitudes include re garding psychiatric illnesses as frightening, shameful, imaginary, feigned and incurable; while psychiatric patients are characterised as dangerous, unpredictable, untrustworthy, un stable, lazy, weak, worthless and/or helpless (Rabkin, 1974: Bhugra, 1989: Fabrega, 1990. Stigma is typically attached to diseases for which people are considered culpable.…”

On the Descriptive Validity of DSM III Schizophrenia

“…Along with mood disorders, psychoses are well described in the historical medical litera ture. A social history of mental illness and a historiographical survey of psychiatric writ ings since antiquity draw emphasis to psy chotic disorders [1][2][3][4][5]. Moreover, in all nonWestern societies that have been ethnographically well studied from the standpoint of be liefs about illness as well as medical practices, conditions one can confidently describe as psychotic are represented [6][7][8], One can con clude that these disorders are ubiquitous, re curring and universally recognized as illness conditions.…”

Working capacity of patients with Parkinson's disease – A systematic review

“…Stigmatization and particularly self-stigma (i.e. internalization of a 'new degraded identity' by the individual [32]) and public stigma (i.e. negative stereotypes about out-group members [33]) thus need to be addressed more often in the context of the working capacity of patients with PD.…”