Psychiatric Responses to Trauma

Rundell, James It; Ursano, Robert J.; Holloway, Harry C.; Silberman, Edward

doi:10.1176/ps.40.1.68

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…However, not all individuals exposed to stressors develop symptoms, nor do symptoms develop to the same degree when they do occur (e.g., Rundell & Ursano, 1996). Indeed, it has been suggested that certain personality factors or individual differences may mitigate the negative impacts of stressors, such as those experienced in war or other military contexts, on psychological health and well-being (e.g., Bartone, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order model of resilience in the Canadian forces.

Lee¹,

Sudom²,

McCreary³

2011

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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Psychological resilience is an important construct for those who work in high-stress, potentially traumatic occupations. Using data collected as part of the Canadian Forces (CF) Recruit Health Questionnaire (RHQ), structural equation modelling analyses were performed to test the fit of a model of resilience comprised of several intrapersonal resilience factors (i.e., Big Five personality traits, dispositional affect, dispositional optimism, hardiness, mastery, self-esteem) and one interpersonal resilience factor (i.e., social support). An initial model showed that all lower-order intrapersonal variables loaded significantly onto a higher-order intrapersonal resilience latent factor, and that this factor was significantly correlated with social support. However, the strong intercorrelations between a few of the intrapersonal variables pointed to some redundancy. Based on empirical data and on a conceptual analysis, an alternative, more parsimonious model of resilience was developed. This model consisted of the Big Five personality traits, positive affect, and mastery as lower-order factors of dispositional resilience, which was hypothesised to be correlated with social support. This analysis is an important first step to developing an approach to conceptualise and measure resilience. One benefit of being able to assess resilience is that doing so can inform the development of programs to enhance mental health, readiness and recovery. However, more research is needed to understand the processes through which these psychological factors influence occupational as well as health outcomes before relevant policies may be developed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order model of resilience in the Canadian forces.

Lee¹,

Sudom²,

McCreary³

2011

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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“…During stress, an individual may experience shock; temperature, blood pressure and respiration rate remain high; there is a sudden outpouring of adrenaline; the throat becomes dry; digestion stops; and eyesight improves. The body prepares to respond to the danger to be ready to either fight or run away (flight) [16,17].…”

Section: Defining the Issue: The Human Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Psycho-Social Issues in Mine Emergencies: The Impact on the Individual, the Organization and the Community

Kowalski-Trakofler

Vaught

2012

Minerals

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This paper draws on research conducted in the past two decades examining issues related to the human element in mine disasters. While much of the emergency response community employs a systems approach that takes into account psychosocial issues as they impact all aspects of an emergency, the mining industry has lagged behind in integrating this critical element. It is only within the past few years that behavioral interventions have begun to be seen as a part of disaster readiness and resiliency in the industry. The authors discuss the potential applications of psychosocial studies and suggest ways to improve mine emergency planning, psychological support, and decision-making during a response, as well as actions in the aftermath of incidents. Topics covered, among others, include an economic rationale for including such studies in planning a mine emergency response, sociological issues as they impact such things as leadership and rescue team dynamics, and psychological issues that have an effect on individual capacity to function under stress such as during escape, in refuge alternatives, and in body recovery. This information is intended to influence the mine emergency escape curriculum and impact actions and decision-making during and after a mine emergency. The ultimate goal is to mitigate the trauma experienced by individuals, the organization, and the community.

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“…Trauma as a Result of Exposure to War, Community Violence, and Domestic Violence Rundell et al (1989) reviewed controlled studies on the relationship between psychiatric disorders and traumatic events and revealed that adjustment disorders and antisocial behavior are associated with trauma as a result of war, disaster, and other traumatic events (Rundell et al, 1989). The significant association between combat exposure and adult antisocial behaviors observed in two populations of Vietnam veterans (n ¼ 118, n ¼ 2,490) indicates that trauma may play a role in the development and=or maintenance of adult behaviors (Barrett et al, 1996;Resnick et al, 1989).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Model of Trauma and Correlated Personality Disorder

Martens¹

2005

Journal of Loss and Trauma

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Many studies have revealed an important relationship between psychosocial trauma and antisocial personality disorder. A multidimensional model is presented which describes the psychopathological route from trauma to antisocial development. A case report is also included that can illustrate the etiological process from trauma to severe antisocial personality pathology. More research is needed into the social-emotional, cognitive, intrapschic, cultural, religious, and neurobiological correlates of the development from trauma to antisocial personality disorder in order to provide optimal treatment programs.

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Psychiatric Responses to Trauma

Cited by 35 publications

References 74 publications

Higher-order model of resilience in the Canadian forces.

Higher-order model of resilience in the Canadian forces.

Psycho-Social Issues in Mine Emergencies: The Impact on the Individual, the Organization and the Community

Multidimensional Model of Trauma and Correlated Personality Disorder

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