Psychiatric Morbidity and Social Problems in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Wilkinson, Greg; Borsey, D. Q.; Leslie, Peter; Newton, R. W.; Lind, Christian; Ballinger, Claire

doi:10.1192/bjp.153.1.38

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, Bridges and Goldberg [17] reported a 39% rate in patients with neurological disorders and Surridge et al [5] reported varying figures (e.g., 60%) for patients who complained of fatigability and energy loss. It is difficult to attribute the high incidence of psychiatric morbidity in the present study to the degree of illness, because the mean age of our patients and the duration of DM were even less than that described in other studies [5,7]. There was also no positive correlation between the high morbidity and the number of hypoglycemic comas.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in our diabetic patients is relatively high (44.7%), compared with, for example, the 18% reported by Wilkinson et al [7] and 11% for males and 26% for females cited by Hobbs et al [15]. Maguire et al [16] reported a 23% rate in a study of patients on general medical wards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Surridge et al [5] reported a 16% incidence of poor recent memory and difficulties in concentration, but Lawson et al [6] failed to provide evidence of impaired intellectual functioning in a group of diabetic patients, in a controlled study using standardized scales. Intellectual impairment was also described as minimal in the study by Wilkinson et al [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although different tools were used in these studies, clinical psychiatric assessment was a common denominator. Most studies, however, agree that psychiatric morbidity is not related to the duration of the illness, age at diagnosis, or the presence of complications of diabetes [6,7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1990; 10(6): 629-632 In the past, diabetes mellitus (DM) was considered a psychosomatic illness caused by emotional stress [1,2]. In the "diabetic personality" [2], anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, and cognitive deficits are among the most common psychiatric aspects [3][4][5][6][7]. Disturbed family background has also been associated with DM; high anxiety levels in the mothers of diabetic children [8], overprotectiveness, rigidity, and family discord [9,10] have also been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 1990

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We studied the psychiatric morbidity in 47 insulin-dependent diabetic patients who attended the Diabetic Clinic at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, in eastern Saudi Arabia. Clinical psychiatric assessment and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale) were used in assessing the patients. The physiological characteristics of the patients were studied by physicians running the Diabetic Clinic. The prevalence of psychiatric illness was high (44.7%). The most common diagnoses were anxiety and depression. In addition, fatigability and loss of energy (40%), irritability (47%), sexual dysfunction (36%), and cognitive deficit (15%) were noticed. Psychiatric morbidity does not appear to be related to the duration of the illness or age at diagnosis.HBA Hafeiz, G Al-Ghassab, H Al-Freihi, F Al-Muhanna, Psychiatric Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus. 1990; 10(6): 629-632 In the past, diabetes mellitus (DM) was considered a psychosomatic illness caused by emotional stress [1,2]. In the "diabetic personality" [2], anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, and cognitive deficits are among the most common psychiatric aspects [3][4][5][6][7]. Disturbed family background has also been associated with DM; high anxiety levels in the mothers of diabetic children [8], overprotectiveness, rigidity, and family discord [9,10] have also been reported. The psychiatric changes reported are thought to be related to factors such as the stressful way of life of diabetics [3] or its effect on the central nervous system [11]. Family dynamics and the treatment problems of diabetes are also involved.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and describe the nature of psychiatric morbidity in DM. MethodsThe study included all consecutive insulin-dependent diabetic patients who attended the Diabetic Clinic at King Fahd Hospital of the University. The patients were first examined, investigated, and assessed by the physicians (coauthors) and the relevant diabetic data recorded. A psychiatric interview consisting of a history and standard mental state examination was conducted in each subject by the psychiatrist. Assessment of cognitive function included orientation, concentration, memory, and intelligence, the last judged by general information and school and work records. The patients were rated as negative, doubtful, and positive cases. The psychiatric diagnoses were based on the criteria for anxiety neurosis and depression of the International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization [12]. In addition, the patients were rated blindly on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). This is a self-assessment scale that is claimed to be reliable in detecting states of anxiety and depression [13]. An Arabic version, which had been validated in Saudi patients, was used [14].Educational level was computed on the basis of one point for each level (0-5). Actual body weights were compared with ideal weights calculated from heights, and only deviations of more than 10% from the ideal were considere...

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