BackgroundMigrants include voluntary and involuntary migrants who have no intention of going back to their homeland (Muggah 2003, International Organization for Migration 2015. Voluntary migrants choose to move to another country, for example to seek employment and better life opportunities. In contrast, involuntary migrants -also known as refugees or forced migrants -are forced to leave their countries to escape civil wars, armed conflict, persecution or other disasters, and cannot return because of a well-founded fear of persecution (Toole and Waldman 1993). They may have experienced sudden unrest in their country and been forced to leave immediately amid chaos and uncertainty about the future (Crowley 2009).
CitationIkafa IN, Holmes CA (2020) Empowering migrants during the resettlement process: applying Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations.