Psychiatric History and Related Exposures as Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Collaborative Re-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Jorm, Anthony F; Duijn, Cornelia M. van; Chandra, Vijay; Fratiglioni, Laura; Graves, Amy Borenstein; Heyman, Albert; Kokmen, Emre; Kondo, Kiyotaro; Mortimer, Jim; Rocca, Walter A.; Shalat, Stuart L.; Soininen, Hilkka; Hofman, Albert

doi:10.1093/ije/20.supplement_2.s43

Cited by 217 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…Risk factors for development of dementia in population studies of elderly normal subjects may be of prognostic value in patients with mild cognitive impairment. The risk factors that derive from the literature include age, 29,30 a family history of dementia, 31 history of head injury, 32,33 depression, 34,35 as well as low pre-morbid intelligence and education. [36][37][38] Female gender has been noted to be a risk factor for dementia in a number of studies, 30,[39][40][41] although this has not been found in others.…”

Section: Clinical Risk Factors For Development Of Dementia and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Fellows

Bergman²,

Wolfson³

et al. 2008

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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314As treatments to alleviate symptoms and to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) emerge, an increasingly urgent dilemma for physicians is also developing: which of the many elderly individuals with memory complaints will develop Alzheimer's disease, and would therefore be candidates for preventive therapies? An important goal of current research must be to establish useful pre-clinical diagnostic and predictive guidelines, and this can only emerge from longitudinal follow-up of elderly individuals with mild memory loss. In this paper, we report the clinical characteristics of such a group, with the aim of ABSTRACT: Background: To determine whether clinical data obtained by history and physical examination can predict eventual progression to dementia in a cohort of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study of a cohort of elderly subjects with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Ninety subjects meeting the criteria for amnestic MCI were recruited and followed annually for an average of 3.3 years. Main outcome measure was the development of dementia determined by clinical assessment with confirmatory neuropsychological evaluation. Results: Fifty patients (56%) developed dementia on follow-up. They were older, had lower Mini-mental status exam (MMSE) scores and a shorter duration of symptoms at the time of first assessment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age at symptom onset as the only clinical parameter which distinguished the group that deteriorated to dementia from the group that did not. The odds ratio for age was 1.1 (confidence interval 1.04 -1.18). Conclusions: Patients presenting with amnestic MCI insufficient for the diagnosis of dementia are at high risk of developing dementia on follow-up. In our cohort, 56% were diagnosed with dementia over an average period of 5.9 years from symptom onset. The only clinical predictor for the eventual development of dementia was older age at symptom onset. Clinical features alone were insufficient to predict development of dementia.RÉSUMÉ: Les données cliniques peuvent-elles prédire la progression vers la démence dans l'atteinte cognitive légère avec syndrome amnésique? Contexte : Le but de cette étude était de déterminer si les données cliniques provenant de l'histoire médicale et de l'examen physique peuvent prédire la progression éventuelle vers la démence dans une cohorte de gens âgés ayant une atteinte cognitive légère. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude longitudinale prospective d'une cohorte de sujets âgés ayant une atteinte cognitive légère (ACL). Quatre-vingt-dix sujets rencontrant les critères diagnostiques de l'ACL amnésique ont été recrutés et suivis annuellement pendant 3,3 ans en moyenne. Le critère d'évaluation principal était l'apparition d'une démence selon l'évaluation clinique confirmée par une évaluation neuropsychologique. Résultats : Cinquante patients (56%) ont développé une démence au cours du suivi. Ils étaient plus âgés, avaient des scores MMSE plus bas et u...

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Section: Clinical Risk Factors For Development Of Dementia and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Fellows

Bergman²,

Wolfson³

et al. 2008

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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“…Among the medical factors suggested to be important for Alzheimer's disease are hypothyroidism (14), past history of depression (15), immune system disorders, and infectious agents (16). There is some evidence that the consumption of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (17) and estrogen replacement therapy may be protective for Alzheimer's disease (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia and occupational exposure to magnetic fields

Feychting¹,

Pedersen²,

Svedberg³

et al. 1998

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objectives The purpose of the present report was to assess whether occupational magnetic field exposure is a risk factor for dementia, in particular for Alzheimer's disease. Methods Case-control analyses were applied to 77 dementia cases, 55 of whom had Alzheimer's disease, ascertained from the population-based Swedish twin register. Two reference groups were derived, with 228 and 238 persons, respectively. Occupations were linked to a job-exposure matrix based on magnetic field measurements. Primary occupation, last occupation before reference date, and the occupation with the highest magnetic field exposure during the subject's lifetime were evaluated. Results For primary occupation, all relative risk estimates were close to unity. For last occupation, at the exposure level 2 0.2 KT, a relative risk was found for dementia estimated at 3.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-8.61 and 3.8 (95% CI 1.4-10.2) for reference groups 1 and 2, respectively. The relative risk for Alzheimer's disease was estimated at 2.4 (95% CI 0.8-6.9) and 2.7 (95% CI 0.9-7.8), respectively. For the occupation with the highest magnetic field exposure, the relative risk estimates were close to unity for reference group 1 and slightly elevated for reference group 2. The relative risk estimates were greater for the subjects who were younger at onset (275 years). C O~C~U S~O~S These results only partially support previous findings, but they indicate that occupational magnetic field exposure may possibly influence the development of dementia.

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“…We have previously published a review of systematic reviews on behavioral and psychological symptoms in the older population (van der Linde et al, 2012), and we identified three high-quality reviews investigating the prevalence of depression and/or BPSD in different populations (Verkaik et al, 2007;Monastero et al, 2009;Luppa et al, 2010) as well as two additional reviews on the associations of depression (Jorm et al, 1991;Christensen et al, 1997). Figure 1 shows the different populations that can be included when studying depression or BPSD with several example references.…”

Section: Depression and Other Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and other behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia – separate research worlds in need of a common understanding

Linde¹,

Brayne²,

Dening

2013

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Depression and other behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia -separate research worlds in need of a common understandingTerms to describe the behavioral and psychological symptoms commonly seen in dementia, including "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia" (BPSD), "non-cognitive symptoms," and "neuropsychiatric symptoms," were introduced in the 1980s and 1990s to draw attention to the heterogeneous group of symptoms that, distinct from cognitive deficits, are commonly seen in dementia and cause significant distress to patients and carers (Reisberg et al., 1987;Cummings et al., 1994;Allen and Burns, 1995;Finkel et al., 1996). BPSD include a wide range of affective, psychotic, and hyperactivity symptoms, and studies include different combinations of symptoms. These symptoms are also often studied individually outside the context of BPSD in the older population with or without cognitive impairment. Depression is most frequently studied, particularly in the older population without dementia. The relationship between dementia and depression in older people and the courses of the two disorders have been an important research topic for around 70 years (Roth, 1955).Traditionally, depression in the population without dementia is considered as a phenomenon distinct from BPSD, and thus BPSD research and depression research in older people have been largely separate endeavors. BPSD research typically studies sub-threshold depression as well as other behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia and those with more severe depression are often excluded, along with people without dementia. Depression research typically includes major or minor depression in all older adults but often excludes people with cognitive impairment or other psychiatric problems.However, there are several areas where these two research fields may overlap. Depression in a cognitively healthy older person may indicate early dementia, and depression may be a risk factor for dementia (Ownby et al., 2006). Continuities in depression are seen "pre" and "post" dementia diagnosis, and common biological and psychosocial risk factors for depression may exist among the cognitively intact and cognitively impaired older populations.Some sense of the many permutations in the literature is essential to understanding the meaning of research findings reported by different studies and how they may be compared. Here we explore how depression and/or other BPSD have been studied using different inclusion and exclusion criteria and on populations with different levels of cognitive impairment.We have previously published a review of systematic reviews on behavioral and psychological symptoms in the older population (van der Linde et al., 2012), and we identified three high-quality reviews investigating the prevalence of depression and/or BPSD in different populations (Verkaik et al., 2007;Monastero et al., 2009;Luppa et al., 2010) as well as two additional reviews on the associations of depression (Jorm et al., 1991;Christensen et al., 1997). Figure...

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Psychiatric History and Related Exposures as Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Collaborative Re-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Cited by 217 publications

References 0 publications

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Dementia and occupational exposure to magnetic fields

Depression and other behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia – separate research worlds in need of a common understanding

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