Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and MMPI profile in a Spanish sample of nonepileptic seizure patients

Baillès, Eva; Pintor, Luís; Fernández-Egea, Emilio; Torres, Xavier; Matrai, Silvia; Pablo, Joan de; Arroyo, Santiago

doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.04.003

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Studies of mixed quality have suggested that personality characteristics may differ between patients with only PNES and patients with both PNES and ES (Kuyk et al., ). However, reports (Baillès et al., ), for example, indicating the presence of multiple MMPI scale elevations, the absence of a single personality profile, the characterization of different personality profiles dependent on PNES semiology (e.g., Griffith et al., ), or the presence of a history of childhood trauma (e.g., Pintor et al., ) make diagnostic use of personality scales more difficult to establish a “PNES personality”. Considering personality traits rather than disorders may be helpful (Reuber et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYAn international consensus group of clinician-researchers in epilepsy, neurology, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry collaborated with the aim of developing clear guidance on standards for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Because the gold standard of video electroencephalography (vEEG) is not available worldwide, or for every patient, the group delineated a staged approach to PNES diagnosis. Using a consensus review of the literature, this group evaluated key diagnostic approaches. These included: history, EEG, ambulatory EEG, vEEG/monitoring, neurophysiologic, neurohumoral, neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, hypnosis, and conversation analysis. Levels of diagnostic certainty were developed including possible, probable, clinically established, and documented diagnosis, based on the availability of history, witnessed event, and investigations, including vEEG. The aim and hope of this report is to provide greater clarity about the process and certainty of the diagnosis of PNES, with the intent to improve the care for people with epilepsy and nonepileptic seizures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach

et al. 2013

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“…All of the included studies reported an association between panic and PNES, although the methods used and the reported rates of association varied widely. There were differences in methods of patient recruitment [22,23], methods and timing of psychological evaluation [23,24,27,29,30], and potential selection bias [8,[17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, panic attack symptoms were recorded retrospectively in all but one study [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baslet et al analysed three separate groups of patients with PNES and found a total of eight patients with comorbid panic disorder out of their total sample of 44 (18%) [26]. Bailles et al found that two patients out of their sample of thirty (7%) met criteria for panic disorder within their lifetime [27]. Kanner et al studied 45 patients with PNES from the time of the communication of diagnosis and 6 months afterwards, aiming to find possible variables that may alter the prognosis and outcome of these patients, but found that only one patient (2%) met the DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder [28].…”

Section: Panic Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of panic and hyperventilation with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Indranada

Mullen

Duncan

et al. 2018

Seizure

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Previous studies have reported moderate rates of association of panic in PNES, though the proportions varied considerably across the literature, with physical symptoms more commonly reported than affective. Hyperventilation is an effective inducer of PNES events in a minority, and can be observed occurring in a minority of patients without induction. These results support an important, albeit not essential, role for panic and hyperventilation in the pathogenesis of PNES events.

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“…Up to 68% meet DSM-IV criteria for Axis I disorders (depression, anxiety, dysthymia) and up to 60% for Axis II disorders (histrionic and borderline personality disorders) 50 Axis I disorders in up to 95% 53 ; personality disorders in up to 45% 53 Occurrence of other somatizations…”

Section: Association With Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study conducted in 30 PNES patients found that 67.7% met criteria for 2 or more simultaneous Axis I DSM-4 diagnoses (mostly major depression, 13.3%; dysthymia, 16.7%; and anxiety disorders, 16.6%) and 60% for an Axis II personality disorder (histrionic personality disorder in 26.7% and borderline personality disorder in 13.3%). 50 Comparative studies between patients with PNES and with epilepsy yielded contrasting results in this regard. Some studies found no differences, 51 whereas other found increased Axis I disorders in PNES patients.…”

Section: Chronic Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and movement disorders

et al. 2016

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Purpose of review: Neurologic symptoms due to a psychogenic cause are frequently seen in clinical practice. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are among the most common psychogenic neurologic disorders. PNES and PMD are usually investigated and managed separately by different neurology subspecialists. We review the main epidemiologic and clinical features of both PNES and PMD, aiming to highlight their similarities and differences and to see whether a common framework for these disorders exists. Recent findings:Data from the literature show that there is a profound overlap between PNES and PMD, which would argue for a larger unifying pathophysiology with variable phenotypic manifestations. Summary: Collaborative and integrated research among epileptologists, movement disorders experts, psychiatrists, psychologists, and physiotherapists may increase our collective knowledge about the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PNES and PMD and therefore improve outcomes for these patients. Neurol Clin Pract 2016;6:138-149 N eurologic symptoms due to a functional or psychogenic cause are common in clinical practice, accounting for up to 16% of patients presenting to neurology outpatient clinics, depending on the clinical definitions and methodology used for case ascertainment.1,2 The yearly costs of patients with medically unexplained symptoms in the United States have been estimated at approximately $256 billion per year.3 Despite their prevalence and associated economic and social burden, appropriate treatments for these disorders are an unmet need. This may reflect the absence of research interest and lack of discourse between neurology and psychiatry regarding these patients. Notably, although approximately 50% of the patients with somatoform disorders are identified by neurologists at the time of first contact, only 1.5% are referred to a psychiatrist or a psychologist.

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Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and MMPI profile in a Spanish sample of nonepileptic seizure patients

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach

Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach

The association of panic and hyperventilation with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and movement disorders

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