Psychiatric disorders in primary focal dystonia and in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Background:Primary focal dystonia and Parkinson’s disease are movement disorders that have contrasting motor phenotypes. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and the severity of psychiatric disorders in primary focal dystonia and Parkinson’s disease.Methods:Two groups of 30 patients matched by gender and age underwent a neurological and psychiatric assessment.Results:Parkinson’s disease patients were diagnosed with higher rates of major depression (P = 0.02) and generalized anxiety disorder (P = 0.02), and greater severity of depressive symptoms (P = 0.04), while patients with primary focal dystonia exhibited increased severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P = 0.02).Discussion:The difference in pathophysiology of primary focal dystonia and Parkinson’s disease may explain the different psychiatric profiles of these two diseases. The increased frequency of affective symptoms in Parkinson’s disease may be related to the fact that Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease marked by the loss of monoaminergic neurons which does not happen in primary focal dystonia.Conclusion:The psychiatric profile differs in movement disorders with distinct neurobiological bases.

Affective and anxiety disorders in patients with different rare chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In two studies (Chen et al, 2015;Rabkin et al, 2000), authors compared patients with their caregivers and one reported higher frequencies of both depressive and anxiety disorders in patients (Chen et al, 2015). In four out of eight comparisons with patients with non-rare diseases, patients with rare diseases showed higher rates than controls (Gündel et al, 2003;Huey et al, 2010;Jenkins-Jones et al, 2018;Mozzetta et al, 2008), two studies found no differences (Engberg et al, 2017;Ozel-Kizil, Akbostanci, Ozguven, & Atbasoglu, 2008), and in two studies, the authors reported higher frequencies in the comparison group (Dias et al, 2011;Moore et al, 2016).…”

“…Of the 39 studies included in the qualitative analysis, 22 studies assessed anxiety disorders. The frequency for any current anxiety disorder ranged between 11.0% (Cardoso et al, 2004) and 96.7% (Dias et al, 2011) with a pooled prevalence estimate of 39.6% (95% CI 25.5-55.6%) across 14 studies. Heterogeneity was significant with I 2 = 96% ( p < 0.0001) and the funnel plot showed no asymmetry.…”

Reduced Interhemispheric Coherence after Cerebellar Vermis Output Perturbation

“…Primary focal dystonia is a genetic disorder in which decreased amounts of dopamine can be found in the nigrostriatal neurons [ 41 ], representing a consequence of an anomalous cortico-striatal circuitry. Recent evidence has shown that social phobia, social anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are significantly higher in this pathology [ 42 ]. Patients with primary focal dystonia show distinct neuropsychiatric and personality profiles on the anxiety spectrum, such as obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders, and often manifest social phobia, agoraphobia, and panic disorder [ 43 ].…”

Non-Motor Symptoms in Patients with Primary Dystonia

“…Behavioral and mood disorders have been studied most thoroughly in dystonia [15]. Depression and anxiety disorders were reported to be most frequent in isolated focal or segmental dystonia, with some studies reporting a higher prevalence of depression [13,16,17], and other of anxiety symptoms/panic disorders (29.5%), social phobia (41.3%) [9,18], obsessive-compulsive symptoms (6.8-19.7%) [8,9,[18][19][20], or alcohol abuse [9,21,22]. Psychiatric disorders, such as drug and substances abuse, psychotic episodes or schizophrenia, are occasionally reported in dystonia patients, with much less frequency [23,24].…”