Psychiatric Diagnoses in Children with Alopecia Areata

Reeve, Elizabeth A.; Savage, Todd A.; Bernstein, Gail A.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00021

Cited by 26 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…With regard to family functioning as measured by the FES, we found a high level of agreement between families and patients, in contrast to the findings in a series of 12 patients with AA [23]. The lower Expressiveness subscale score may indicate increased risk for alexithymia [13]; this difference in expressiveness must not be attributed to an excess within the epilepsy group since both epilepsy patients and their families showed mean scores which are exactly in the 50th percentile of the Spanish normative data [35].…”

contrasting

confidence: 98%

“…Wald χ 2 (df) P value Adjusted OR (95% CI) the year preceding the interview, an observation in accordance with the findings of some previous studies of AA [5][6][7][8]23]. By contrast, in a large uncontrolled study, only 12 out of 178 (6.7%) patients with AA reported a severely disturbing event during the 6 months preceding the onset of symptoms of AA [37]; two more recent case-control studies [9,10] could not demonstrate a significant association of AA with stressful life events.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Similarly, in a small sample, 7 out of 12 children with AA met criteria for anxiety disorders on structured interviews, but scales measuring anxiety and depression yielded scores within normal limits, and self-esteem measures indicated a high positive self-concept [23]. The rates of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and depression, are higher in patients with AA than in the general population [24], but in contrast with other dermatology patients, suicidal ideation is not present in those with AA [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Environmental stress but not subjective distress in children or adolescents with alopecia areata

Díaz-Atienza

Gurpegui

2011

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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contrasting

confidence: 98%

supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Environmental stress but not subjective distress in children or adolescents with alopecia areata

Díaz-Atienza

Gurpegui

2011

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…Vander-Steen et al [1992] found that only 6.7% of patients were aware of an emotional trauma in the 6 months prior to the first episode. Reeve et al [1996] did not find any difference between the number of positive or negative life-events in a group of 12 children. Brajac et al [2003] do not provide any evidence as to the significant role of stress in the onset of alopecia areata; however, critical life-events may still play an important role in the triggering of some episodes.…”

Section: Stress and Critical Life-events As Pathogenic Factors Of Epicontrasting

confidence: 53%

Alopecia Areata and Psychiatric Disorders: An Association Often Overlooked and Left Untreated

Ruiz‐Doblado¹,

Estepa-Zabala²,

García-Solier³

et al. 2004

Dermatol Psychosom

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Alopecia areata is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicles. The role of psychosocial factors in the course of the illness, and the psychiatric disorders resulting from the esthetic and social repercussions of hair loss, are analyzed and reviewed in this article. Psychiatric comorbidity is high; depressive episodes, generalized anxiety disorders, social phobia and adjustment disorders are frequently found. Alopecia areata often occurs after stress and critical life-events. Neuropeptides and psychoneuroimmunological factors may play a role in the development of the disease. Still, several studies do not support the pathogenic role of emotional variables, whereas others find that critical lifeevents may play an important role in triggering episodes of alopecia areata. The results of personality studies carried out in patients with alopecia areata are inconsistent; alexithymic traits, type-A behavior and normal personality traits have been reported. In severe forms of alopecia areata, psychotherapeutic approaches and social therapy have been documented as useful in the global management of disease. Anxiolytics or antidepressants may also be useful. The authors hold that consultation-liaison psychiatry is an appropriate setting for an integral, biopsychosocial treatment of these patients.

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“…Another aspect, even if it is not part of our inquiry, is interesting to mention. With respect to the symptoms of alopecia areata and their effects on the emotional status and the selfimage of the person affected (particularly during adolescence), the onset of the disease may be experienced as a often highly stressful situation, having a negative influence on the course of the disease and, on a more general level, also on his/her personal and interpersonal behavior, school performance, socioenvironmental adjustment, and achievements [García-Hernández et al, 1999;Gupta and Gupta, 1997;Ginott, 1993;Misery and Rousset, 2001;Liakopoulou et al, 1997;Colon et al, 1991;Dekker et al, 1990;Reeve et al, 1996]. Dermatol Psychosom 2002;3:26-29 Types of Stress within Child Alopecia 29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of Stress within Child Alopecia

Andreoli¹,

Mozzetta²,

Provini³

et al. 2002

Dermatol Psychosom

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Background: At the beginning of every dermatopathy, including alopecia areata, one can frequently encounter the presence of a stressful event or situation. We have analyzed the factors that seem to have conditioned the onset of alopecia areata in 180 patients between 5 and 16 years of age. Patients and Methods: In order to elucidate whether or not stress is a cofactor for the development of this dermatological disease, we evaluated the psychosocial reality of the patients and particularly the possible presence of some stressful events or situations occurring within 6 months prior to the appearance or fresh outbreak of the dermatopathy. For that a psychodiagnostic interview with the patient and an anamnestic interview with his/her parents were done; in addition, a questionnaire concerning stressful events or situations was answered by the patients, and the graphic House-Tree-Person test (H-T-P test) and Rorschach’s psychodiagnostic test were performed. Results: In 81% of cases the presence of a stressful event or situation could be reported at the onset or at a new outbreak of alopecia areata. Protracted stressful situations were found much more often than single stressful events. In contrast to previous hypotheses concerning stress factors related to alopecia areata in this age group, the stress factors mentioned most frequently were experience of separation, relational problems, and difficulties of the child to come up to the expectations of their own parents with respect to the conduct in general and to progress in school in particular.

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Psychiatric Diagnoses in Children with Alopecia Areata

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Environmental stress but not subjective distress in children or adolescents with alopecia areata

Environmental stress but not subjective distress in children or adolescents with alopecia areata

Alopecia Areata and Psychiatric Disorders: An Association Often Overlooked and Left Untreated

Types of Stress within Child Alopecia

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