Psychiatric and Medical Management of Marijuana Intoxication in the Emergency Department

Bui, Quan M.; Simpson, Scott A.; Nordstrom, Kimberly

doi:10.5811/westjem.2015.3.25284

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Literature regarding such cases of “cannabis-induced psychosis” is limited, but the condition is believed to be the result of overconsumption of Δ 9 -THC, and many of the reported cases occur following ingestion of an edible (Bui, Simpson, & Nordstrom, 2015; Favrat et al, 2005; Hudak, Severn, & Nordstrom, 2015). …”

Section: Challenges Of Ediblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tasty THC: Promises and Challenges of Cannabis Edibles

et al. 2016

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Food products containing cannabis extract (edibles) have emerged as a popular and lucrative facet of the legalized market for both recreational and medicinal cannabis. The many formulations of cannabis extracts used in edibles present a unique regulatory challenge for policy makers. Though edibles are often considered a safe, discreet, and effective means of attaining the therapeutic and/or intoxicating effects of cannabis without exposure to the potentially harmful risks of cannabis smoking, little research has evaluated how ingestion differs from other methods of cannabis administration in terms of therapeutic efficacy, subjective effects, and safety. The most prominent difference between ingestion and inhalation of cannabis extracts is the delayed onset of drug effect with ingestion. Consumers often do not understand this aspect of edible use and may consume a greater than intended amount of drug before the drug has taken effect, often resulting in profoundly adverse effects. Written for the educated layperson and for policy makers, this paper explores the current state of research regarding edibles, highlighting the promises and challenges that edibles present to both users and policy makers, and describes the approaches that four states in which recreational cannabis use is legal have taken regarding regulating edibles.

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Section: Challenges Of Ediblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tasty THC: Promises and Challenges of Cannabis Edibles

et al. 2016

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“…Symptoms were reported to resolve within 6-12 h in about half of patients, but the literature is replete with reports that symptoms produced by both edibles and SCs can persist for significantly longer, lasting from days to several weeks in some patients (Hermanns-Clausen et al 2013;Hudak et al 2015;Bui et al 2015;Winstock et al 2015).…”

Section: Scope Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid1 (CB-1) receptor antagonists: a molecular approach to treating acute cannabinoid overdose

Skolnick¹,

Crystal²

2019

J Neural Transm

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The legalization of cannabis for both recreational and medical use in the USA has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of emergency department visits and hospital admissions for acute cannabinoid overdose (also referred to as cannabis intoxication and cannabis poisoning). Both "edibles" (often sold as brownies, cookies, and candies) containing large amounts of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids (many possessing higher potencies and efficacies than Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol) are responsible for a disproportionate number of emergency department visits relative to smoked cannabis. Symptoms of acute cannabinoid overdose range from extreme lethargy, ataxia, and generalized psychomotor impairment to feelings of panic and anxiety, agitation, hallucinations, and psychosis. Treatment of acute cannabinoid overdose is currently supportive and symptom driven. Converging lines of evidence indicating many of the symptoms which can precipitate an emergency department visit are mediated through activation of cannabinoid 1 receptors. Here, we review the evidence that cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists, originally developed for indications ranging from obesity to smoking cessation and schizophrenia, provide a molecular approach to treating acute cannabinoid overdose.

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“…However, there is a concern that the ongoing development of new strains of C. sativa containing increasingly higher levels of THC [6] may undermine its therapeutic potential and exacerbate adverse effects, including the potential for increased seizures [7,8] and psychosis [9]. In regard to the later effect, two recent cohort studies demonstrated that recreational cannabis use significantly increased incidence of psychosis [10] and was associated with a younger age of presentation [11], while acute THC poisoning following ingestion of high amounts of cannabis edibles was followed by an onset of severe psychosis in a recent case report on a 34-year-old Colorado woman [12]. …”

Section: Historical Perspective Of Medicinal Marijuanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids: is there a potential treatment role in epilepsy?

Blair

Deshpande

DeLorenzo

2015

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Cannabinoids have been used medicinally for centuries, and in the last decade, attention has focused on their broad therapeutic potential particularly in seizure management. While some cannabinoids have demonstrated anticonvulsant activity in experimental studies, their efficacy for managing clinical seizures has not been fully established. This commentary will touch on our understanding of the brain endocannabinoid system’s regulation of synaptic transmission in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and review the findings from both experimental and clinical studies on the effectiveness of cannabinoids to suppress epileptic seizures. At present, there is preliminary evidence that non-psychoactive cannabinoids may be useful as anticonvulsants, but additional clinical trials are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of these compounds for the treatment of epilepsy.

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Psychiatric and Medical Management of Marijuana Intoxication in the Emergency Department

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Tasty THC: Promises and Challenges of Cannabis Edibles

Tasty THC: Promises and Challenges of Cannabis Edibles

Cannabinoid1 (CB-1) receptor antagonists: a molecular approach to treating acute cannabinoid overdose

Cannabinoids: is there a potential treatment role in epilepsy?

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