PSVM: A Global Database for the Miocene Indicating Elevated Paleosecular Variation Relative to the Last 10 Myrs

Abstract

Statistical studies of paleosecular variation (PSV) are used to infer the structure and behavior of the geomagnetic field. This study presents a new database, paleosecular variation of the Miocene (PSVM), of high‐quality directional data from the Miocene Epoch (5.3–23 Ma), compiled from 1,454 sites from 44 different localities. This database is used to model the latitude dependence of paleosecular variation with varying selection criteria using a quadratic form based on Model G. Our fitted model parameter for latitude‐invariant PSV (Model G a) is 15.6° and the latitude dependent PSV term (Model G b) is 0.23. The latitude invariant term is substantially higher than previously observed for the past 10 Myrs or any other studied ages. We also present a new stochastic model of the time‐average field, BB‐M22, using a covariant giant Gaussian process (GGP) which is constrained using data from PSVM, PINT and Earth‐like geodynamo numerical simulations. BB‐M22 improves the fit to PSVM data relative to prior GGP models, as it reproduces the higher virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) dispersion observed during the Miocene. Our findings suggest a more variable magnetic field and more active geodynamo in the Miocene Epoch than the past 10 Myrs, perhaps linked to elevated core‐mantle heat flow. Our results suggest that the average axial dipole dominance of the time‐instantaneous field was lower than in more recent times. We note however, that the inclination anomaly estimates, suggest that it cannot be ruled out that the Miocene time averaged field resembles a geocentric axial dipole.

High‐Latitude Geomagnetic Secular Variation at the End of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron Recorded by Volcanic Flows From the Okhotsk‐Chukotka Volcanic Belt

“…By scanning the recent PSV databases for the past 10 Myr (Cromwell et al., 2018; de Oliveira et al., 2021), the Miocene (Engbers et al., 2022), the Jurassic‐Cretaceous (Doubrovine et al., 2019) and the Permo‐Triassic (Handford et al., 2021), we identified five data sets, in addition to the present one from the OCVB, that were emplaced at a magnetic paleolatitude greater than 70°. First, the lava flows from the Erebus Volcanic Province in Antarctica (Lawrence et al., 2009) and those from the Jan Mayen island in the Norwegian Arctic (Cromwell et al., 2013) provides a characterization of the geomagnetic field for the past 10 Myr.…”