PSTN/ISDN/xDSL Evolution to Broadband convergence Network

Abstract

PSTN/ISDN evolution scenarios to Broadband A c Sei convergence Network are shown with scenario 1, scenario2, and scenario 3. Scenario 1 is divided into step 1 and step 2 as shown in __ Figure 2, scenario 2 is also divided into step 1 and step 2 as shown |u| in Figure 3, and scenario 3 is one step approach as Figure 4. <i ce/ed wir l --" =raio >h0gtion. While, xDSL evolution scenario to BcN is shown with step 1, step /e_ 2, and step 3 as shown in Figure 5. All of these evolution scenarios can be guided to operators and operators will implement these W Teles lh e scenarios for legacy network evolution to BcN.

Providing High Internet Traffic Using IXPs during the COVID-19 and its Impact on DBP

“…Any Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) [20] network uses the telephone infrastructure that was primarily built for low-speed analogue voice service; and so, replacing it with Fiber to the x (FTTx) [21] technologies by the transition from copper to fiber in order to address congestion issue in xDSL. The internet has different method of allocating cost than the tariff of the legacy circuit-switched [22] voice market; calls were directional, from source to destination, and the payment follow the direction progress up to the destination carrier.…”