Psoroptic Mange in a Wapiti

Colwell, David A.; Dunlap, Jack S.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-11.1.66

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The mange mite Psoroptes cervinus is probably the most important mite to affect wapiti (22). It does not appear to have been reported in red deer.…”

Section: Mangementioning

confidence: 96%

Viral, parasitic and prion diseases of farmed deer and bison

Haigh¹,

Mackintosh²,

Griffin³

2002

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Malignant catarrhal fever IntroductionMalignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is the most important viral disease of farmed or ranched bison (Bison bison and Bison bonasus) and deer (7,9,16,20,28,53,80,118,128). The disease, as a clinical entity, is known on all continents and in most countries. At least three types of the virus have been implicated in the disease.The disease is caused by members of the gammaherpesviruses group. Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1), carried asymptomatically by the wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in Africa, has been diagnosed in disease outbreaks in zoos in North America. Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2) is carried asymptomatically by sheep (117). A third, as yet unnamed virus, has been detected in an outbreak of MCF in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (80).There are at least 25 herpesviruses serologically related to AHV-1 that have been detected in a variety of ruminants, but only AHV-1, OHV-2 and a new virus in white-tailed deer appear to be pathogenic (80,107,116,117). TransmissionOf the three pathogenic forms of the virus, AHV-1 from wildebeest (WA-MCF or wildebeest-associated MCF) is the best understood. Sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) occurs when sheep are maintained together with susceptible species. Ewes experience a recrudescence of infection in late pregnancy and

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“…The mange mite Psoroptes cervinus is probably the most important mite to affect wapiti (22). It does not appear to have been reported in red deer.…”

Section: Mangementioning

confidence: 96%

Viral, parasitic and prion diseases of farmed deer and bison

Haigh¹,

Mackintosh²,

Griffin³

2002

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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“…Infestations by mites of the genus Psoroptes have been severe enough to cause the death of elk (Murie, 1951;Colwell and Dunlap, 1975;Franson and Smith, 1988;Samuel et al, 1991). The taxonomy of this genus is in question; however, Psoroptes sp.…”

Section: High Risk Infectious Agents and Ectoparasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Protocol for Translocation of Free-Ranging Elk

Corn

Nettles

2001

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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When considering an elk (Cervus elaphus) restoration program, wildlife managers must evaluate the positive and negative elements of translocation. We prepared this protocol to give an overview of health considerations associated with translocation of elk, with an emphasis on movement of free-ranging elk from western North America to the southeastern USA. We evaluated infectious agents and ectoparasites reported in elk from two perspectives. First, we made a qualitative estimate of the ability of the agent to be introduced and to become established. This was done using a selected set of epidemiologic factors. Second, if there was a good possibility that the organism could become established in the release area, the potential pathological consequences for elk and other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans were assessed via examination of the literature and consultation with other animal health specialists. The results of these evaluations were used to classify infectious agents and ectoparasites as low risk (n ϭ 174), unknown risk (n ϭ 10), and high risk (n ϭ 9). We classified Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Pasteurella multocida serotype 3, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fascioloides magna, Echinococcus granulosus, Dermacentor albipictus, and Otobius megnini as unknown risks. High risk infectious agents and ectoparasites were the agent of chronic wasting disease, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, Dermacentor andersoni, Ixodes pacificus, and Psoroptes sp. Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, Elaeophora schneideri, and a Babesia sp. are parasites endemic in the southeastern USA that may present a ''reverse risk'' and adversely affect elk if released in some parts of the region. We developed a five-component protocol to reduce the risk of introduction of high risk infectious agents and ectoparasites that included: (1) evaluation of the health status of source populations, (2) quarantines, (3) physical examination and diagnostic testing, (4) restrictions on translocation of animals from certain geographic areas or populations, and (5) prophylactic treatment.

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“…Infected areas become heavily encrusted with exudate, and scabs and hair are eventually shed (Tarry, 1974). Scabies results in hair, fluid, and heat loss; ear canal occlusion; secondary infections; decreased weight gain; and mortality in dornestic and wild animals (Tarry 1974, Colwell and Dunlap 1975, Lange et al 1980, Fisher and Wright 1981.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scabies Control in Free-Ranging Elk

Muschenheim¹

1987

uwnpsrc

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The Objective of this study using free-ranging elk and a related study using captive elk was to test the efficacy and safety of a new parasiticide, ivermectin, for the control of psoroptic scabies in elk. Scabies is a disease caused by mites of the genus Psoroptes which pierce the epidermis of the host and feed on lymph. Infected areas become heavily encrusted with exudate, and scabs and hair are eventually shed (Tarry, 1974). Scabies results in hair, fluid, and heat loss; ear canal occlusion; secondary infections; decreased weight gain; and mortality in domestic and wild animals (Tarry 1974, Colwell and Dunlap 1975, Lange et al. 1980, Fisher and Wright 1981). Scabies (Psoroptes cervinus) has long been known to occur in elk ( Cervus elaphus) of the Jackson Hole herd (Murie, 1951; Honess, 1982). Severe infestation is most common in mature bulls and it is a major cause of winter mortality in this sex and age class (Smith 1985). Effective treatment of scabies in wild animals has not been practical. Conventional techniques used on domestic animals involve dipping in antiparasitic chemicals. A relatively new parasiticide, ivermectin (22, 23 dihydroavermectin B1), has shown promise for treating domestic and wild animals (Egerton, et al., 1980). Ivermectin is a broad spectrum antiparasitic agent which acts upon nematodes and arthropods and has a wide range between therapeutic and toxic dose in most animals (Campbell and Benz, 1984). Successful completion of this project will likely demonstrate a technique to save the lives of scabies infested bull elk; more importantly, it may demonstrate a method for controlling scabies in elk.

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Psoroptic Mange in a Wapiti

Abstract: In northern Idaho, a 10-year old wapiti(Cervus canadensis nelsoni) died showing signs of ataxia and alopecia. Examination of dermis revealed infestation with Psoroptes equi var. cervinus.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Viral, parasitic and prion diseases of farmed deer and bison

Viral, parasitic and prion diseases of farmed deer and bison

Health Protocol for Translocation of Free-Ranging Elk

Scabies Control in Free-Ranging Elk

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