Psilocybin in Fruchtkörpern vonInocybe aeruginascens

Abstract

Atropine and scopolamine were assayed in leaf samples and cultured cells of Atropa belladonna L. by capillary gas chromatography. The samples were extracted and purified before the gas chromatographic analysis by passage through disposable extraction columns of reversed phase type. Deviation among the analyses was 4.0% for atropine and 2.9% for scopolamine at 50 mg/I. The limit of detection was 5 mg/I for both alkaloids.

Evolution of the Toxins Muscarine and Psilocybin in a Family of Mushroom-Forming Fungi

“…Later, chemotaxonomic tests were employed to assay the presence of muscarine in selected species of Inocybe [11]. During the 1980s and 1990s significant advances were made that discovered stereoisomers of muscarine and the presence of psilocybin and other psychotropic compounds in species of Inocybe that lacked muscarine [3], [4], [7], [12], [13], [24], [25], [27], [31]. These differences in detection methods produced some conflicting information about presence/absence of muscarine in various species of Inocybaceae.…”

Vorkommen von Psilocybin und Baeocystin in Fruchtkörpern vonPluteus salicinus

“…>NH), 8.05 (iH, s, H-3), 7.85 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz, H-5), 7.10 (1H, t, J = 8 Hz, H-6), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8 Hz, H-7), 7.15 (1H, AM = 18 Hz, HA), 6.15 (IH, AX = 10 Hz, HM), 5.40 (1H, Jjp = 2 Hz, H) (AMX system = 1 vinyl group), 4.10 (3H, s, OMe at C-4), 4.00 (3H, s, OMe at C-8) (4,8).…”

Discovery of a new caerulescent Psilocybe mushroom in Germany: Psilocybe germanica sp.nov.

“…[4,14] Briefly, dried, powdered mushrooms (0.1 g) were extracted with methanol (10 mL) for 12 h using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. Mobile phases used for TLC analysis were n-butanol:acetic acid:water (2:1:1, v/v) (mobile phase 1) (R f psilocybin: 0.28; R f baeocystin: 0.36; R f psilocin: 0.51) and methanol/aqueous ammonia (25%) (100:1.5, v/v) (mobile phase 1) (R f psilocybin: 0.10; R f baeocystin: 0.05: R f psilocin: 0.39).…”

“…As far as it is currently known, this trimethylammonium analog of psilocybin has only been reported to occur in the hallucinogenic species Inocybe aeruginascens Babos. [13,21] Psilocybe semilanceata is the best studied psychoactive mushroom species in the world [1,14,18,19,17,22,23] and is known to contain psilocybin and baeocystin (Table 1). Previous investigations in 1994 have shown that the use pure methanol yielded the authentic indole derivatives from dried mushrooms and the use of aqueous solvents resulted in hydrolysis of psilocybin and baeocystin to give psilocin.…”

“…It contained high amounts of psilocybin and baeocystin. This mushroom appears to be [16] 0.34 À 0.98 0.01 À 0.05 0.01 À 0.93 P. cyanescens [17] 0.25 À 0.85 0.01 À 0.03 0.04 À 0.36 P. semilanceata [3,4] 0.19 À 1.34 0.03 À 0.38 nd P. semilanceata [18] 0.55 À 1,96 0,11 À 034 À P. semilanceata [19] 0.41 À 1.41 0.10 À 0.60 traces P. semilanceata [14] 0,91 À 1,05 qualitative nd À 0.02 P. semilanceata [17] 0.05 À 1.70 nd À 0.36 nd À 0.36 P. bohemica [14] 0.25 À 1.14 nd nd À 0.07 P. bohemica [17] 0.28 À 0.80 0.01 À 0.03 nd À 0.02 P. bohemica [20] 0.11 À 1,35 0.01 À 0.03 0.01 À 0.02 P. azurescens [9] 1.17 À the first described species derived from wood chips that contains significant amounts of baeocystin in the absence of psilocin. The novel species was differentiated from other psychoactive taxons such as Psilocybe cyanescens, Psilocybe azurescens and Psilocybe bohemica in combination from features of the stipes and caps.…”