Pseudotumour of the lung caused by Mycobacterium malmoense infection in an HIV positive patient

“…Rare cases of endobronchial infectious pseudotumors have been reported in HIV-infected patients [4]. A wide variety of inciting microbial agents have been associated with these pseudotumors, including CMV [5], HSV2 [6], atypical mycobacteria [7], and Pseudomonas [8], to name a few. However, to our knowledge, only five previous reports have described an endobronchial infectious pseudotumor linked to Rhodococcus equi [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudotumor of the Tracheal-Laryngeal Junction with Unusual Morphologic Features Caused by Rhodococcus equi Infection

Akilesh

Cross

Kimmelshue

et al. 2011

Head and Neck Pathol

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Infectious pseudotumors are unusual proliferations of histiocytes in response to certain microbial organisms. Occasionally this process may involve large airways, producing a mass lesion that may cause respiratory obstruction. Infectious pseudotumors can be confused with malignancy in their radiologic appearance and clinical presentation. We present a case of an aggressive endotracheal pseudotumor associated with Rhodococcus equi infection in a patient with advanced HIV disease. Microscopically, the lesion was composed of sheets of epithelioid histiocytes with large, strongly eosinophilic intra-cytoplasmic granules and features of malakoplakia. In this report, we review the literature of these unusual lesions and compare them to cases of conventional malakoplakia involving the large airways. We also explore the pathogenetic mechanisms that may contribute to the distinctive histologic appearance of Rhodococcus-associated pseudotumors.

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“…[138][139][140] In 1994, a patient with advanced HIV developed cavitary lung disease due to M. malmoense and had an endobronchial lesion that was culture positive. 141 Eight months into treatment, the endobronchial lesion was still present and remained culture positive.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial Lung Disease Complicating HIV Infection

Haas

Daley

2016

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Mycobacterial infections have caused enormous morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of these, the most devastating has been tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death among HIV-positive persons globally. TB has killed more people living with HIV than any other infection. Diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is critical as treatment can prevent emergence of TB disease. Bacteriologic confirmation of TB disease should be sought whenever possible as well as drug susceptibility testing. When detected early, drug susceptible TB is curable. Similar to TB, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can also produce pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections including disseminated disease that can be fatal. Diagnosis through accurate identification of the pathogenic organism will greatly inform treatment. Depending on the NTM identified, treatment may not be curable. Ultimately, preventive strategies such as initiation of antiretroviral drugs and treatment of LTBI are interventions expected to have significant impacts on control of TB and NTM in the setting of HIV. This chapter will review the impact of pulmonary mycobacterial infections on HIV-positive individuals.

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Pseudotumour of the lung caused by Mycobacterium malmoense infection in an HIV positive patient

Abstract: A case of pulmonary Mycobacterium malmoense infection presenting as a pseudotumour of the lung in a severely immunosuppressed HIV infected patient is reported.

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the central nervous system

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the central nervous system

Pseudotumor of the Tracheal-Laryngeal Junction with Unusual Morphologic Features Caused by Rhodococcus equi Infection

Mycobacterial Lung Disease Complicating HIV Infection

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