Pseudoscorpion Wolbachia symbionts: Diversity and Evidence for a New Supergroup S

Lefoulon, Emilie; Clark, Travis A.; Borvető, Fanni; Perriat-Sanguinet, Marco; Moulia, Catherine; Slatko, Barton E.; Gavotte, Laurent

doi:10.21203/rs.2.22118/v1

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…However, understanding of the full range of diversity of Wolbachia genomic information will be required to comprehend their comprehensive symbiotic complexity. The analysis of the new Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes presented in the current study, as well as recent studies of Wolbachia genomes from arthropods more closely related to symbionts of filarial nematodes, such as the symbiont of fleas (wCfeJ) [92] or pseudoscorpions (wApol) [70], emphasize this viewpoint. Continued further genomic analyses will be instructive to highlight and help unravel these diverse symbiotic mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Most of the molecular characterizations of Wolbachia strains have been based on either single gene or multi-locus phylogenies [53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. The supergroups A, B, E, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, Q and S are exclusively composed of symbionts of arthropods [55,57,59,63,[66][67][68][69][70]. In contrast, supergroups C, D and J are restricted to filarial nematodes [4,58,61,71], whereas supergroup L is found only in plant-parasitic nematodes [3,72].…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar: Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm

et al. 2020

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Wolbachia are alpha-proteobacteria symbionts infecting a large range of arthropod species and two different families of nematodes. Interestingly, these endosymbionts are able to induce diverse phenotypes in their hosts: they are reproductive parasites within many arthropods, nutritional mutualists within some insects and obligate mutualists within their filarial nematode hosts. Defining Wolbachia ‘species’ is controversial and so they are commonly classified into 17 different phylogenetic lineages, termed supergroups, named A–F, H–Q and S. However, available genomic data remain limited and not representative of the full Wolbachia diversity; indeed, of the 24 complete genomes and 55 draft genomes of Wolbachia available to date, 84 % belong to supergroups A and B, exclusively composed of Wolbachia from arthropods. For the current study, we took advantage of a recently developed DNA-enrichment method to produce four complete genomes and two draft genomes of Wolbachia from filarial nematodes. Two complete genomes, wCtub and wDcau, are the smallest Wolbachia genomes sequenced to date (863 988 bp and 863 427 bp, respectively), as well as the first genomes representing supergroup J. These genomes confirm the validity of this supergroup, a controversial clade due to weaknesses of the multilocus sequence typing approach. We also produced the first draft Wolbachia genome from a supergroup F filarial nematode representative (wMhie), two genomes from supergroup D (wLsig and wLbra) and the complete genome of wDimm from supergroup C. Our new data confirm the paradigm of smaller Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes containing low levels of transposable elements and the absence of intact bacteriophage sequences, unlike many Wolbachia from arthropods, where both are more abundant. However, we observe differences among the Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes: no global co-evolutionary pattern, strong synteny between supergroup C and supergroup J Wolbachia, and more transposable elements observed in supergroup D Wolbachia compared to the other supergroups. Metabolic pathway analysis indicates several highly conserved pathways (haem and nucleotide biosynthesis, for example) as opposed to more variable pathways, such as vitamin B biosynthesis, which might be specific to certain host–symbiont associations. Overall, there appears to be no single Wolbachia –filarial nematode pattern of co-evolution or symbiotic relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar: Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm

et al. 2020

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“…Among these orders, Wolbachia are highly diverse and phylogenetically divided into 17 ‘supergroups’ (denoted A-S, excluding G and R), and CI-inducing Wolbachia are so far restricted to supergroups A and B ( Lefoulon et al, 2020 ; Lo et al, 2007 ; Wang et al, 2016 ). However, despite the considerable diversity between Wolbachia strains, the most studied models for CI are the Wolbachia of Culex ( w Pip), Drosophila ( w Ri and w Mel), Nasonia ( w VitA and w VitB), and Laodelphax ( w Str).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiont-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility: What have we learned in 50 years?

Shropshire

Leigh

Bordenstein

2020

eLife

108

151

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Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic defects in the fertilized embryo and ensuing lethality in crosses between symbiotic males and either aposymbiotic females or females harboring a different symbiont strain. However, if the female carries the same symbiont strain, then embryos develop properly, thereby imparting a relative fitness benefit to symbiont-transmitting mothers. Thus, CI drives maternally-transmitted bacteria to high frequencies in arthropods worldwide. In the past two decades, CI experienced a boom in interest due to its (i) deployment in worldwide efforts to curb mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that modify sexual reproduction, and (iii) important impacts on arthropod speciation. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of CI and outlines significant gaps in understanding CI’s mechanism that are ripe for investigation from diverse subdisciplines in the life sciences.

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“…Wolbachia infect two phyla in the Ecdysozoa: the Arthropoda and the Nematoda, with a much broader range of host species in the former than in the latter. Although only one species, Wolbachia pipientis , has been formally described [ 1 ], the genus has been separated by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) into ~18 clades or “supergroups” [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Core genome alignments for supergroups suggest that they can be considered at least equivalent to species rank, with some containing sufficient diversity for more than one species [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Propagation of Laboratory Strains and a Novel Flea-Derived Field Strain of Wolbachia in Tick Cell Lines

et al. 2020

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Wolbachia are intracellular endosymbionts of several invertebrate taxa, including insects and nematodes. Although Wolbachia DNA has been detected in ticks, its presence is generally associated with parasitism by insects. To determine whether or not Wolbachia can infect and grow in tick cells, cell lines from three tick species, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus microplus, were inoculated with Wolbachia strains wStri and wAlbB isolated from mosquito cell lines. Homogenates prepared from fleas collected from cats in Malaysia were inoculated into an I. scapularis cell line. Bacterial growth and identity were monitored by microscopy and PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of Wolbachia genes. The wStri strain infected Ixodes spp. cells and was maintained through 29 passages. The wAlbB strain successfully infected Ixodes spp. and R. microplus cells and was maintained through 2–5 passages. A novel strain of Wolbachia belonging to the supergroup F, designated wCfeF, was isolated in I. scapularis cells from a pool of Ctenocephalides sp. cat fleas and maintained in vitro through two passages over nine months. This is the first confirmed isolation of a Wolbachia strain from a flea and the first isolation of any Wolbachia strain outside the “pandemic” A and B supergroups. The study demonstrates that tick cells can host multiple Wolbachia strains, and can be added to panels of insect cell lines to improve success rates in isolation of field strains of Wolbachia.

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Pseudoscorpion Wolbachia symbionts: Diversity and Evidence for a New Supergroup S

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar: Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm

Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar: Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm

Symbiont-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility: What have we learned in 50 years?

Isolation and Propagation of Laboratory Strains and a Novel Flea-Derived Field Strain of Wolbachia in Tick Cell Lines

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