Pseudorabies detected in hunting dogs in Alabama and Arkansas after close contact with feral swine (Sus scrofa)

Pedersen, Kerri; Turnage, Clinton T.; Gaston, Wesson D.; Arruda, Paulo; Alls, Scott A.; Gidlewski, Thomas

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1718-3

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Wild pigs may interact directly or indirectly with domestic swine (Gipson et al 1999;Wyckoff et al 2009). Humans may be exposed to pathogens in wild pigs during hunting and trapping, or through hunting dogs (Pedersen et al 2018). There is growing evidence that wild pigs are translocated frequently by humans (Spencer and Hampton 2005;Goedbloed et al 2013;Tabak et al 2017;Hernandez et al 2018) to establish new hunting opportunities or backyard populations, and fencing is often inadequate to prevent them from escaping and becoming feral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Pepin

Pedersen

Wan

et al. 2019

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Swine are important in the ecology of influenza A virus (IAV) globally. Understanding the ecological role of wild pigs in IAV ecology has been limited because surveillance in wild pigs is often for antibodies (serosurveillance) rather than IAVs, as in humans and domestic swine. As IAV antibodies can persist long after an infection, serosurveillance data are not necessarily indicative of current infection risk. However, antibody responses to IAV infections cause a predictable antibody response, thus time of infection can be inferred from antibody levels in serological samples, enabling identification of risk factors of infection at estimated times of infection. Recent work demonstrates that these quantitative antibody methods (QAMs) can accurately recover infection dates, even when individual-level variation in antibody curves is moderately high. Also, the methodology can be implemented in a survival analysis (SA) framework to reduce bias from opportunistic sampling. Here we integrated QAMs and SA and applied this novel QAM–SA framework to understand the dynamics of IAV infection risk in wild pigs seasonally and spatially, and identify risk factors. We used national-scale IAV serosurveillance data from 15 US states. We found that infection risk was highest during January–March (54% of 61 estimated peaks), with 24% of estimated peaks occurring from May to July, and some low-level of infection risk occurring year-round. Time-varying IAV infection risk in wild pigs was positively correlated with humidity and IAV infection trends in domestic swine and humans, and did not show wave-like spatial spread of infection among states, nor more similar levels of infection risk among states with more similar meteorological conditions. Effects of host sex on IAV infection risk in wild pigs were generally not significant. Because most of the variation in infection risk was explained by state-level factors or infection risk at long-distances, our results suggested that predicting IAV infection risk in wild pigs is complicated by local ecological factors and potentially long-distance translocation of infection. In addition to revealing factors of IAV infection risk in wild pigs, our framework is broadly applicable for quantifying risk factors of disease transmission using opportunistic serosurveillance sampling, a common methodology in wildlife disease surveillance. Future research on the factors that determine individual-level antibody kinetics will facilitate the design of serosurveillance systems that can extract more accurate estimates of time-varying disease risk from quantitative antibody data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Pepin

Pedersen

Wan

et al. 2019

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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“…The correlation between lion and pig-tailed viruses and macaque phylogeny strongly suggests hostvirus co-speciation. Additionally, while natural crossspecies viral transmissions between animals does occur [48,[55][56][57], natural species viral transmissions between the animals and viruses in this study are fairly unlikely given the natural host ranges of the monkeys (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Herpesviruses have been shown to cospeciate with their hosts [47], however they can cross species barriers [48], especially in captivity [38,39,41,[49][50][51][52][53]. These captive transmissions, especially between macaque species can complicate phylogenetic analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic nucleotide-based distance analysis for delimiting old world monkey derived herpes simplex virus species

Kolb

Brandt

2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: Herpes simplex viruses form a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, with three identified viral species isolated from Old World monkeys (OWM); Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV-1; herpes B), Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (SA8), and Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (PaHV-2; herpes papio). Herpes B is endemic to macaques, while PaHV-2 and SA8 appear endemic to baboons. All three viruses are genetically and antigenically similar, with SA8 and PaHV-2 thought to be avirulent in humans, while herpes B is a biosafety level 4 pathogen. Recently, nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) has resulted in an increased number of published OWM herpes simplex genomes, allowing an encompassing phylogenetic analysis. Results: In this study, phylogenetic networks, in conjunction with a genome-based genetic distance cutoff method were used to examine 27 OWM monkey herpes simplex isolates. Genome-based genetic distances were calculated, resulting in distances between lion and pig-tailed simplex viruses themselves, and versus herpes B core strains that were higher than those between PaHV-2 and SA8 (approximately 14 and 10% respectively). The species distance cutoff was determined to be 8.94%, with the method recovering separate species status for PaHV-2 and SA8 and showed that lion and pig-tailed simplex viruses (vs core herpes B strains) were well over the distance species cutoff. Conclusions: We propose designating lion and pig-tailed simplex viruses as separate, individual viral species, and that this may be the first identification of viral cryptic species.

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“…The correlation between Lion and Pig-tailed viruses and macaque phylogeny strongly suggests host-virus co-speciation. Additionally, while natural cross-species viral transmissions between animals does occur [47,[57][58][59], natural species viral transmissions between the animals and viruses in this study are fairly unlikely given the natural host ranges of the monkeys ( Figure 5). The reduced likelihood of natural cross species transmission is important as it increases the probability of host-virus co-evolution.…”

Section: Host-virus Co-speciationmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Herpesviruses have been shown to cospeciate with their hosts [46], however they can cross species barriers [47], especially in captivity [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. These captive transmissions, especially between macaque species can complicate phylogenetic analysis.…”

Section: Host-virus Co-speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Nucleotide-Based Distance Analysis for Delimiting Old World Monkey Derived Herpes Simplex Virus Species.

Kolb

Brandt

2020

Preprint

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Herpes simplex viruses form a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, with three identified viral species isolated from Old World monkeys (OWM); Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpes B), Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (SA8), and Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (PaHV-2; herpes papio).Herpes B is endemic to macaques, while PaHV-2 and SA8 appear endemic to baboons. All three viruses are genetically and antigenically similar, with SA8 and PaHV-2 thought to be avirulent in humans, while herpes B is a biosafety level 4 pathogen. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has resulted in an increased number of published OWM herpes simplex genomes, allowing an encompassing phylogenetic analysis. In this study, phylogenetic networks, in conjunction with a genome-based genetic distance cutoff method were used to examine 27 OWM monkey herpes simplex isolates. Genome-based genetic distances were calculated, resulting in distances between Lion and Pig-tailed simplex viruses themselves, and versus herpes B core strains that were higher than those between PaHV-2 and SA8 (approximately 14% and 10% respectively). The species distance cutoff was determined to be 8.94%, with the method recovering separate species status for PaHV-2 and SA8 and showed that Lion and Pig-tailed simplex viruses (vs core herpes B strains) were well over the distance species cutoff. In conclusion, we propose designating Lion and Pig-tailed simplex viruses as separate, individual viral species, and that this may be the first identification of viral cryptic species.

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Pseudorabies detected in hunting dogs in Alabama and Arkansas after close contact with feral swine (Sus scrofa)

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations

Genomic nucleotide-based distance analysis for delimiting old world monkey derived herpes simplex virus species

Genomic Nucleotide-Based Distance Analysis for Delimiting Old World Monkey Derived Herpes Simplex Virus Species.

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