Pseudonocardia parietis sp. nov., from the indoor environment

Abstract

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming, mycelium-forming actinobacterium (04-St-002 T ) was isolated from the wall of an indoor environment colonized with moulds. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain 04-St-002 T was shown to belong to the family Pseudonocardiaceae, and to be most closely related to Pseudonocardia antarctica (99.2 %) and Pseudonocardia alni (99.1 %). The major menaquinones were MK-8(H 4 ) and MK-8(H 2 ), the phospholipid type was PIII, and the polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown polar lipid, L1, small or trace amounts of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, three unknown lipids, two unknown phospholipids and four unknown glycolipids were also detected. The major fatty acids iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 1 , C 16 : 0 and C 16 : 1 v7c supported the affiliation of strain 04-St-002 T to the genus Pseudonocardia. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization, and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 04-St-002 T from the two most closely related species, P. alni and P. antarctica. Strain 04-St-002 T represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudonocardia parietis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 04-St-002 T (5DSM 45256 T 5CCM 7582 T ).The genus Pseudonocardia, originally proposed by Henssen (1957) for nocardioform actinomycetes that lack mycolate and have a type IV cell wall, reflected by the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and the sugars arabinose and galactose (Lechevalier & Lechevalier, 1980), comprises 28 species at the time of writing (Gu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2002;Lee et al., 2000Lee et al., , 2001Lee et al., , 2002Lee et al., , 2004 Kämpfer & Kroppenstedt, 2004;Liu et al., 2006; Mahendra & AlvarezCohen, 2005;Qin et al., 2008).Strain 04-St-002 T was isolated from a wall colonized with moulds. After extraction of 1 g material sample for 15 min in 10 ml 0.9 % NaCl solution containing 0.01 % (v/v) Tween 80 and dilution on M79 agar (containing 10 g glucose, 10 g Bacto peptone, 2 g casein hydrolysate, 2 g yeast extract, 6 g NaCl, 15 g agar) for 2 weeks at 28 u C, the strain was maintained on M79 at 28 u C and showed a brown-coloured substrate mycelium. After a few days, a white aerial mycelium formed.Morphological properties, Gram-staining and cell morphology were observed by phase-contrast microscopy as described by Kämpfer & Kroppenstedt (2004). DNA isolation was performed with a commercial DNA extraction kit (GenElute Plant Genomic DNA kit; Sigma). Initially, the sample was prepared by a 1 min bead-beating step with 1 g 0.1 diameter Zirconia beads.Multiple sequence alignment and analysis of the data were performed using the software package MEGA version 4 (Tamura et al., 2007). Genetic distance calculations (distance options according to the Kimura two-parameter model), and clustering with the neighbour-joining (Fig. 1...

Analysis of Actinobacteria from mould-colonized water damaged building material

“…P. parietis sp. nov. [45] was detected in seven investigated materials. In addition, the species most closely related to Sacc/wropolysporaflava (>97.8%) were detected in six different samples, and Nocardiopsis sp.…”

“…In addition, it was an interesting finding that although most of the isolates could be assigned to already described species, several of them could not be clearly assigned to any known species or even genera, and hence novel species and genera have been proposed, such as for example, Pseudonocardia parietis [45], Citricoccus parietis [46], Prauserella muralis [47], Promicromonospora umidemergens [33], Brevibacterium sandarkinum [23], Microlunatus parietis [25], Kytococcus aerolatus [24], and Murinocardiopsis flavida [27].…”

Pseudonocardia nematodicida sp. nov., isolated from mangrove sediment in Hainan, China

“…1), maximum parsimony ( Supplementary Fig. S4) and maximum- Prabahar et al (2004), Park et al (2008), Evtushenko et al (1989), Qin et al (2010), Schäfer et al (2009). All other data are taken from this study likelihood ( Supplementary Fig.…”

“…2008; Schäfer et al 2009;Qin et al 2010), comprises 53 species at the time of writing (http://www.bacterio. net/pseudonocardia.html).…”

Pseudonocardia hispaniensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from industrial wastewater activated sludge

“…Such studies have provided useful information on the evolutionary radiation and distribution of the taxon in natural habitats but have given little insight into the biological properties of pseudonocardia. Single strains representing new species (including several names not validated to date) have been isolated from contaminated industrial sludge (Mahendra and Alvarez-Cohen 2005;Kämpfer et al 2006), coastal sediment (Liu et al 2006), indoor environment (Schäfer et al 2009), plant litter (Sakiyama et al 2010), soil (Park et al 2008Qin et al 2008;Li et al 2010;Ara et al 2011) and from surface sterilized roots and stems of higher plants (Chen et al 2009;Duangmal et al 2009;Franco 2010, 2011;Qin et al 2010Qin et al , 2011Zhao et al 2011a,b,c).…”