Pseudomycetoma caused by <i>Microsporum canis</i> in an immunosuppressed patient: a case report and review of the literature

Berg, Jena C.; Hamacher, Kirsten L.; Roberts, Glenn D.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00628.x

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent times, infections caused by dermatophytes have assumed greater significance. The increasing number of patients with immunocompromised states, such as AIDS, diabetes mellitus, lupus, allergy, cancer and organ transplantation, has given these infections more prominence 5,18,20,28,37,38,56 . Reports of infections by non-dermatophytes has also received greater attention 4,7,34,51 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal agents in different anatomical sites in Public Health Services in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Araújo

Fontes

Júnior

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYIntroduction: A contribution to the regional epidemiological profile of the most common fungal agents in Public Health Services in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, including university hospitals and polyclinics. Methods: Clinical specimens (n = 1,496) from 1,078 patients were collected, submitted to direct mycological exam (potash or stick tape method) and cultured in specific mediums. Dermatophytic and non-dermatophytic agents were identified according to micromorphology (Ridell technique). Results: The majority of the 1,496 specimens were skin (n = 985) and nail exams (n = 472). Of the 800 positive cultures, 246 (30.8%) corresponded to dermatophytes and 336 (42%) to yeasts of the genus Candida, 190 (23.7%) to other yeasts, 27 (3.4%) to non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi and one (0.1%) the agent of subcutaneous mycosis. Lesions considered primary occurred in greater numbers (59.5%) than recurrent lesions (37.4%), with a greater concentration of positivity occurring on the arms and legs. Conclusions: Comorbidities, allergies and diabetes mellitus were conditions associated with greater positivity in direct mycological exams and cultures. Positive culture was considered a definitive diagnosis of fungal infection and confirmed 47.8% of diagnostic hypotheses.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal agents in different anatomical sites in Public Health Services in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Araújo

Fontes

Júnior

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…M. canis-caused tinea capitis is highly contagious and is readily transmitted between animals and humans via direct physical contact or through indirect contact with fungus-contaminated materials (12,13). This disease mainly affects children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, such as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or AIDS patients (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The disorders caused by M. canis infection are not well controlled to date, and M. canis is still one of the most common dermatophytes to cause human tinea capitis in Europe (19,20) as well as in South America (21,22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Fungus Microsporum canis Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Mao

Zhang

et al. 2014

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microsporum canis is a pathogenic fungus with worldwide distribution that causes tinea capitis in animals and humans. M. canis also causes invasive infection in immunocompromised patients. To defy pathogenic fungal infection, the host innate immune system is the first line of defense. As an important arm of innate immunity, the inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that control the activation of caspase-1, which cleaves proinflammatory cytokine pro-interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) into its mature form. To determine whether the inflammasome is involved in the host defense against M. canis infection, we challenged human monocytic THP-1 cells and mouse dendritic cells with a clinical strain of M. canis isolated from patients with tinea capitis. We found that M. canis infection triggered rapid secretion of IL-1␤ from both THP-1 cells and mouse dendritic cells. Moreover, by using gene-specific shRNA and competitive inhibitors, we determined that M. canis-induced IL-1␤ secretion was dependent on NLRP3. The pathways proposed for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, namely, cathepsin B activity, K ؉ efflux, and reactive oxygen species production, were all required for the inflammasome activation triggered by M. canis. Meanwhile, Syk, Dectin-1, and Card9 were found to be involved in M. canis-induced IL-1␤ secretion via regulation of pro-IL-1␤ transcription. More importantly, our data revealed that M. canis-induced production of IL-1␤ was dependent on the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. Together, this study unveils that the NLRP3 inflammasome exerts a critical role in host innate immune responses against M. canis infection, and our data suggest that diseases that result from M. canis infection might be controlled by regulating the activation of inflammasomes.

show abstract

“…We describe a newly developed agar-based method employing disk diffusion assay to test the susceptibility of 47 isolates of dermatophytes against 8 antifungals. Our results show that the method is reproducible, is simple, and could be used to determine the antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes.The incidence of dermatophytosis (caused by Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, or Microsporum spp.[23]) has increased considerably, especially among immunocompromised patients (2,20). Relapse reported for some dermatophyte species and primary resistance of Trichophyton rubrum strains to terbinafine (18) underscore the need for determination of their in vitro antifungal susceptibilities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23]) has increased considerably, especially among immunocompromised patients (2,20). Relapse reported for some dermatophyte species and primary resistance of Trichophyton rubrum strains to terbinafine (18) underscore the need for determination of their in vitro antifungal susceptibilities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agar-Based Disk Diffusion Assay for Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently, no agar-based susceptibility testing method has been standardized for testing dermatophytes. We describe a newly developed agar-based method employing disk diffusion assay to test the susceptibility of 47 isolates of dermatophytes against 8 antifungals. Our results show that the method is reproducible, is simple, and could be used to determine the antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes.The incidence of dermatophytosis (caused by Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, or Microsporum spp.[23]) has increased considerably, especially among immunocompromised patients (2,20). Relapse reported for some dermatophyte species and primary resistance of Trichophyton rubrum strains to terbinafine (18) underscore the need for determination of their in vitro antifungal susceptibilities. A reference microdilution method (M38-A2) is approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for antifungal susceptibility testing of molds and dermatophytes (7,19). However, no agar-based susceptibility testing method has been standardized for the testing of dermatophytes. Advantages of a standardized disk diffusion-based assay for evaluating the antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes include the ease of use, reproducibility, accuracy, and low cost (1,3,10,15,16,22).In the current study, we optimized an agar-based disk diffusion method to determine the susceptibility of dermatophytes to various antifungals. We tested 47 clinical isolates (Trichophyton tonsurans [ Commercially available discs (9 mm diameter) preloaded with ciclopirox (50 g/disk), fluconazole (25 g/disk), itraconazole (8 g/disk), ketoconazole (15 g/disk), miconazole (10 g/disk), and voriconazole (1 g/disk) were used (Rosco NeoSensitabs; Key Scientific, TX). Discs containing griseofulvin (10 g/disk) and terbinafine (1 g/disk) were not commercially available and were prepared in our laboratory as part of this study. The concentrations of the drugs to be loaded in griseofulvin and terbinafine disks were determined by first performing preliminary experiments to determine the optimal concentration that produced inhibition zones which can be conveniently measured on the 100-by 15-mm plate (Fisher Scientific Co., KY). For these two antifungals, the drugs terbinafine (Novartis, NJ) and griseofulvin (Acros Organics, NJ) were obtained in powdered form. A stock solution of each drug was prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide, as follows: griseofulvin, 1.25 mg/ml; terbinafine, 50 g/ml. Blank paper discs (6 mm diameter) were loaded with 20 l of the prepared stock solutions to obtain the desired drug concentration per disk (1 g and 25 g for terbinafine and griseofulvin, respectively) and allowed to air dry at room temperature. The air-dried disks were stored at 4°C in a refrigerator.Organisms were subcultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or oatmeal agar (for T. rubrum) at 30°C for 4 to 15 days. Following growth, conidia were harvested in sterile saline, and using a hemacytometer, the conidial suspension was adjusted to 1.0 ϫ 10 6 conidia/ml. Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar (...

show abstract

Pseudomycetoma caused by Microsporum canis in an immunosuppressed patient: a case report and review of the literature

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Fungal agents in different anatomical sites in Public Health Services in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fungal agents in different anatomical sites in Public Health Services in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Pathogenic Fungus Microsporum canis Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Agar-Based Disk Diffusion Assay for Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About