Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae harpinPss: A protein that is secreted via the hrp pathway and elicits the hypersensitive response in plants

He, Sheng Yang; Huang, Hsiou-Chen; Collmer, Alan

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90354-s

Cited by 456 publications

(345 citation statements)

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“…Thus, structurally diverse elicitors, which target different receptors ( Figure 2F), trigger PR gene expression dependent on or independent of extracellular Ca 2ϩ in the same plant. Moreover, because harpin Pss -induced HR has been shown to depend on extracellular Ca 2ϩ (He et al, 1993), several emerging signaling cascades appear to be used for the activation of a complex plant defense response triggered by a single elicitor.…”

Section: Mapk Activity But Not Extracellular Calcium Is Required For mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the expression of harpin from P. s. syringae, the plasmid pSYH10 was used (He et al, 1993). DNA constructs were transformed into BL21 (DE3) pLysS Escherichia coli cells, and protein expression in bacteria grown to midlogarithmic phase was induced with 1 mM isopropyl-␤-D-thiogalactoside for 5 hr.…”

Section: Elicitor Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although identified several years ago, the roles of these proteins during colonization of host plants and their site of action have remained unclear. However, when infiltrated into nonhost plants, harpins trigger disease resistance-associated responses, such as HR, transcript accumulation of pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes, and systemic acquired resistance (Baker et al, 1993;He et al, 1993;Gopalan et al, 1996;Strobel et al, 1996;Dong et al, 1999;Galan and Collmer, 1999). Physiological target sites for harpin action, therefore, were suggested to reside at the plant cell surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…s. syringae -derived harpins and elicitins from various Phytophthora species trigger the HR, PR gene expression, and systemic acquired resistance in the nonhost plant tobacco (Ricci et al, 1989;He et al, 1993;Baillieul et al, 1995;Gopalan et al, 1996). Using harpin from P. s. phaseolicola (harpin Psph ) and the Phytophthora megasperma ␤ -elicitin ␤ -megaspermin, we have attempted a comparative analysis of signal perception and transduction mechanisms induced by bacterial and oomycete elicitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Harpin Binding Site in Tobacco Plasma Membranes Mediates Activation of the Pathogenesis-Related Gene HIN1 Independent of Extracellular Calcium but Dependent on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity

Lee¹,

Klessig²,

Nürnberger³

2001

The Plant Cell

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Harpin from the bean halo-blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola (harpin Psph ) elicits the hypersensitive response and the accumulation of pathogenesis-related gene transcripts in the nonhost plant tobacco. Here, we report the characterization of a nonproteinaceous binding site for harpin Psph in tobacco plasma membranes, which is assumed to mediate the activation of plant defense responses in a receptor-like manner. Binding of 125 I-harpin Psph to tobacco microsomal membranes (dissociation constant ‫؍‬ 425 nM) and protoplasts (dissociation constant ‫؍‬ 380 nM) was specific, reversible, and saturable. A close correlation was found between the abilities of harpin Psph fragments to elicit the transcript accumulation of the pathogenesis-related tobacco gene HIN1 and to compete for binding of 125 Iharpin Psph to its binding site. Another elicitor of the hypersensitive response and HIN1 induction in tobacco, the Phytophthora megasperma -derived ␤ -elicitin ␤ -megaspermin, failed to bind to the putative harpin Psph receptor. In contrast to activation by ␤ -megaspermin, harpin Psph -induced activation of the 48-kD salicylic acid-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and HIN1 transcript accumulation were independent of extracellular calcium. Moreover, use of the MAPK kinase inhibitor U0126 revealed that MAPK activity was essential for pathogenesis-related gene expression in harpin Psph -treated tobacco cells. Thus, a receptor-mediated MAPK-dependent signaling pathway may mediate the activation of plant defense responses induced by harpin Psph .

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Section: Mapk Activity But Not Extracellular Calcium Is Required For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elicitor Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Harpin Binding Site in Tobacco Plasma Membranes Mediates Activation of the Pathogenesis-Related Gene HIN1 Independent of Extracellular Calcium but Dependent on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity

Lee¹,

Klessig²,

Nürnberger³

2001

The Plant Cell

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“…syringae strain 61 is sufficient to enable nonpathogenic strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli to elicit the HR in nonhost plants (8). Sixteen of the 25 genes in this completely sequenced hrp͞hrmA gene cluster are either predicted or shown to be required for secretion of harpin Pss , a proteinaceous elicitor of the HR encoded by hrpZ (9,10). Nine of these hrp genes, recently renamed hrc genes (11), are broadly conserved among P. syringae pathovars, Erwinia, Xanthomonas, and Ralstonia (9,(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hrp pilus: An hrp -dependent bacterial surface appendage produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

Roine

Wei

Yuan

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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319

279

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Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes control the ability of major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria to elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in resistant plants and to cause disease in susceptible plants. A number of Hrp proteins share significant similarities with components of the type III secretion apparatus and f lagellar assembly apparatus in animal pathogenic bacteria. Here we report that Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (race 0) produces a filamentous surface appendage (Hrp pilus) of 6-8 nm in diameter in a solid minimal medium that induces hrp genes. Formation of the Hrp pilus is dependent on at least two hrp genes, hrpS and hrpH (recently renamed hrcC), which are involved in gene regulation and protein secretion, respectively. Our finding of the Hrp pilus, together with recent reports of Salmonella typhimurium surface appendages that are involved in bacterial invasion into the animal cell and of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens virB-dependent pilus that is involved in the transfer of T-DNA into plant cells, suggests that surface appendage formation is a common feature of animal and plant pathogenic bacteria in the infection of eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, we have identified HrpA as a major structural protein of the Hrp pilus. Finally, we show that a nonpolar hrpA mutant of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is unable to form the Hrp pilus or to cause either an HR or disease in plants.Major groups of Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria belonging to genera Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Xanthomonas contain hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) genes. These genes control the ability of these bacteria to initiate interactions with plants, including elicitation of the hypersensitive reaction (HR), characterized by rapid localized death of plant cells at the pathogen infection site in resistant plants and causation of disease in susceptible plants (1, 2).hrp genes of Pseudomonas syringae are expressed in planta as a result of a regulatory cascade involving the gene products of hrpS and hrpR, positive transcriptional regulators, and of hrpL, an alternative sigma factor (3, 4). HrpL recognizes a consensus sequence motif (''harp box'') that has been identified in the upstream regions of many hrp and avr genes (4). The expression of hrp genes of many P. syringae pathovars can also be induced in vitro when bacteria are grown in defined minimal medium with low pH and containing certain sugars or sugar alcohols as carbon sources (5-7).The 25-kb hrp͞hrmA gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 61 is sufficient to enable nonpathogenic strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli to elicit the HR in nonhost plants (8). Sixteen of the 25 genes in this completely sequenced hrp͞hrmA gene cluster are either predicted or shown to be required for secretion of harpin Pss , a proteinaceous elicitor of the HR encoded by hrpZ (9, 10). Nine of these hrp genes, recently renamed hrc genes (11), are broadly conserved among P. syringae pathovars, Erwi...

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Pathogen-induced programmed cell death in plants, a possible defense mechanism

et al. 1997

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As much as the definition of life may be controversial, the definition of death also may prove problematic. In recent years it became apparent that the death of a living cell may follow more than one possible scenario: it may result from an externally applied physical injury (an accidental death), or it may be the outcome of activating an internal pathway for cell suicide (a programmed death). That cells can participate in their own execution may indicate that certain types of cell deaths that were previously considered to be caused by foreign agents such as pathogens or drugs may actually result from the activation of a programmed cell death pathway that is normally latent in cells. Here, we describe the activation of such a cell suicide pathway in plant cells upon the recognition of an invading pathogen. We discuss the possible use of this pathway as a defense mechanism against infection and the possibility that in many ways the use of this type of cell death in plants is functionally analogous to that used by mammalian cells in response to infection by pathogens. Dev. Genet. 21:279–289, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae harpinPss: A protein that is secreted via the hrp pathway and elicits the hypersensitive response in plants

Cited by 456 publications

References 41 publications

A Harpin Binding Site in Tobacco Plasma Membranes Mediates Activation of the Pathogenesis-Related Gene HIN1 Independent of Extracellular Calcium but Dependent on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity

A Harpin Binding Site in Tobacco Plasma Membranes Mediates Activation of the Pathogenesis-Related Gene HIN1 Independent of Extracellular Calcium but Dependent on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity

Hrp pilus: An hrp -dependent bacterial surface appendage produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

Pathogen-induced programmed cell death in plants, a possible defense mechanism

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