Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae isolated from non-kiwifruit plant species in China

Liu, Pu; Xue, S.; He, Ruo; Hu, Jiayong; Wang, Xiaojie; Jia, Bing; Gallipoli, L.; Mazzaglia, A.; Balestra, Giorgio Mariano; Zhu, Li

doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0863-4

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Koch’s postulates are a stringent criterion that provides a framework for thinking about the proof of microbial disease causation and are widely used in plant pathology (Liu et al, 2016). The key elements include a specific association of the microbe with the disease state, scientific consistence of microbiological and pathological evidence, isolation of the microbe on culture media, and reproduction of disease following inoculation of the cultured organism into a host.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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Alternative host plants are important in the survival and perpetuation of several crop pathogens and have been suspected to play a role in the survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) and perpetuation of Xanthomonas wilt (XW) disease of banana and enset. This study determined the potential risk posed by two weeds (Canna spp. and wild sorghum) and common banana intercrops (maize, millet, sorghum, taro, and sugarcane) as alternative hosts to Xcm. The study employed screenhouse experiments, laboratory procedures and diagnosis of banana fields in XW-affected landscapes. Typical XW symptoms were only observed in artificially inoculated Canna sp., with an incidence of 96%. Leaf lesions characteristic of xanthomonads occurred on millet (50%) and sorghum (35%), though the plants recovered. No symptoms occurred in maize, sugarcane, taro or wild sorghum. However, Xcm was recovered from all these plant species, with higher recoveries in Canna sp. (47%), millet (27%), sugarcane (27%), and wild sorghum (25%). Only isolates recovered from Canna sp., millet, sorghum and wild sorghum caused disease in banana plantlets. The presence and incidence of XW on-farm was positively associated with the presence of susceptible ABB Musa genotypes and negatively with number of banana cultivars on farm and household access to training on XW management. Only 0.02% of field sampled Canna spp. plants had Xcm. Risk posed by Canna spp. on-farm could be limited to tool transmission as it has persistent floral bracts that prevent insect-mediated infections. Given the high susceptibility, perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes of Canna sp., it could pose a moderate-high risk, thus warranting some attention in the management of XW disease. Sugarcane could offer a low-moderate risk due to its perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes while risk from maize, millet, and sorghum was deemed zero-low due to their annual nature, wind-mediated mode of pollination and propagation through seed. Understanding the interactions of a crop pathogen with other plants is thus important when diversifying agroecosystems. The study findings also suggest other factors such as cultivar composition and management of the disease at farm and landscape level to be important in the perpetuation of XW disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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“…Further studies identified natural openings and lesions as important entry sites for Psa, as well as the importance of lenticels and fresh cut in the infection process, as observed through a scanning electron microscope [13,14]. Furthermore, it was observed, through bacterial injections into leaf veins as described by Serizawa and Ichikawa [15], that bacteria can migrate from young leaves to twigs facilitating a systemic infection throughout the vine [8,12,13,[16][17][18]. The bacterium was retrieved in xylem vessels and phloem tissues, indicating that the systemic spread can rapidly reach potentially any tissue of the infected plant [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Ecology, Infection Dynamics and Disease Epidemiology

et al. 2020

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Since 2008, the kiwifruit industry has been devastated by a pandemic outbreak of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of bacterial canker. This disease has become the most significant limiting factor in kiwifruit production. Psa colonizes different organs of the host plant, causing a specific symptomatology on each of them. In addition, the systemic invasion of the plant may quickly lead to plant death. Despite the massive risk that this disease poses to the kiwifruit industry, studies focusing on Psa ecology have been sporadic, and a comprehensive description of the disease epidemiology is still missing. Optimal environmental conditions for infection, dispersal and survival in the environment, or the mechanisms of penetration and colonization of host tissues have not been fully elucidated yet. The present work aims to provide a synthesis of the current knowledge, and a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of kiwifruit bacterial canker based on new experimental data. The pathogen may survive in the environment or overwinter in dormant tissues and be dispersed by wind or rain. Psa was observed in association with several plant structures (stomata, trichomes, lenticels) and wounds, which could represent entry points for apoplast infection. Environmental conditions also affect the bacterial colonization, with lower optimum values of temperature and humidity for epiphytic than for endophytic growth, and disease incidence requiring a combination of mild temperature and leaf wetness. By providing information on Psa ecology, these data sets may contribute to plan efficient control strategies for kiwifruit bacterial canker. Keywords Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis. Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.). Temperature. Relative humidity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Overwintering

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“…There are evidences to confirm that Psa could migrate to non-kiwifruit plants. There would may be a new way of spreading this disease both locally and internationally (Liu et al, 2016), so more measures should be taken to prevent and control effectively bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit. Twig without symptomatic appearance Zhejiang Jiang-shan 1.12(±2.45) ×10 -4 1-2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of specific real-time PCR primers for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in China

Chao¹,

JinTian²,

Wu³

et al. 2018

PAK.J.BOT.

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidae (Psa) is the most devastating disease of kiwifruit cultivation. In this study, to detect Psa in China high specifically and sensitively, a method of real-time PCR was developed. The specific primers YF32/YR32 was set for the 590 bp hrpW gene fragment, with amplicon of 248bp in length. The standard curves of real-time PCR clearly showed a suitable condition of real-time PCR and an excellent linear of the data. The specificity and sensitivity assay showed this method could specifically discriminate between Psa and Psa-related pseudomonads and sensitivity threshold was 100fg/μL. In the actual effect validation experiments, the results of all of 5 twig samples with symptoms were positive, and 3 of 5 symptomless samples were positive with minimum DNA concentration 8.45×10-5 ng/μL. The methods of this study could make an important contribution for the prevention and diagnosis of the bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit in China.

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae isolated from non-kiwifruit plant species in China

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Ecology, Infection Dynamics and Disease Epidemiology

Development of specific real-time PCR primers for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in China

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