Pseudomonas putida inoculation promotes submerged plant Vallisneria natans growth by carbon conversion in a plant–microbe interaction

Abstract

Submerged plant growth is limited by the reduction of underwater photosynthesis attributed to low CO2 availability, as well as light limitation associated with underwater conditions. Heterotrophic bacteria and fungi play an important role in local aqueous dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content surrounding submerged plants. In order to investigate the effects of carbon conversion in plant–microbe interactions on plant growth, in the present study we inoculated the plant medium of Vallisneria natans with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and measured carbon conversion in the system, as well as several indices of plant growth. The quantity of P. putida KT2440 increased twofold because of the availability of organic matter produced by V. natans. Similarly, P. putida KT2440 supplied DIC for V. natans, improving its photosynthetic rate. Moreover, the significantly higher leaf area, specific leaf area and fresh biomass of V. natans attributed to the presence of P. putida KT2440 demonstrated that the interaction between V. natans and P. putida enhanced the efficiency of nutrient and CO2 uptake by V. natans, promoting V. natans growth. Therefore, we suggest that the carbon and oxygen microcycle based on the protocooperation of V. natans and P. putida KT2440 may accelerate the transformation of carbon to increase carbon availability to promote the growth of both plant and microbe.

Enhanced remediation of pollutants by microorganisms–plant combination

“…MOE1 Microbacterium sp. MOE2 Li et al ( 2011 ) 2 Chlorpyrifos Phragmites australis Nymphaea alba Myriophyllum verticillatum Planktonic bacterial communities Xu et al ( 2018b ) 3 Carbon dioxide Vallisneria natans Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Gan et al ( 2018 ) 4 Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr Brachia mutica , Typha domingensis , Phragmites australis and Leptochala fusca Aeromonas salmonicida , Pseudomonas indoloxydans , Bacillus cerus , Pseudomonas gessardii , and Rhodococcus sp. Shahid et al ( 2020 ) 5 Benzene Syngonium podophyllum , Sansevieria trifasciata , Euphorbia milii , Chlorophytum comosum , Epipremnum aureum , Dracaena sanderiana , Hedera helix , and Clitoria ternatea Enterobacter EN2, Cronobacter EPL1, and Pseudomonas EPR2 Sriprapat and Thiravetyan ( 2016 ) 6 Decaclorobiphenyl PCB-209 by Ocimum basilicum L Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Novosphingobium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Sphingobium, Stenotrophomonas,and Terribacillus as well as bacterial strains Pseudomonas taiwanensis BS-1, Rhizobium nepotum BS-2, Terribacillus sacharophilus BS-3, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila BS- 4, Bacillus arybhattai BS-5, and Lysinibacillus macroides BS-6 Sánchez-Pérez et al ( 2020 ) 7 Nitrogen Eichhornia crassipes Elodea nuttallii Immobilized nitrogen cycling bacteria (INCB) Chang et al ( 2006 ) 8 Carbamazepine (CBZ) …”

“…Enhancement of plant growth was attributed by making carbon available to submerged plant species Vallisneria natans by inoculation of bacterial species Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The Photocooperation between V. natans and P. putida KT2440 increased the carbon availability (Gan et al 2018 ). In another study, four macrophytes ( Brachia mutica , Typha domingensis , Phragmites australis, and Leptochala fusca ) were used to remove trace elements (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr) from polluted river water by floating treatment wetlands (FTWs).…”