Pseudomonas aeruginosa---its Characterization and Identification

Haynes, William C.

doi:10.1099/00221287-5-5-939

Cited by 167 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Whereas the rate of polysaccharide production by Klebsiella aerogenes in liquid media was greatest during the exponential phase of growth (Duguid & Wilkinson, 1953), and washed suspensions of both exponential and stationary phase organisms of a K . aerogenes slime-forming mutant formed polysaccharide at very similar rates (Norval, 1969), Pseudomonas NCIB 1 1264 produced the exopolymer maximally during the lateexponential and stationary growth phases and thus resembles other strains of Pseudomonas (Haynes, 1951 ;Eagon, 1956) and Zoogloea (Parsons & Dugan, 1971 ;Unz & Farrah, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis by Pseudomonas NCIB 11264. Studies on Precursor-forming Enzymes and Factors Affecting Exopolysaccharide Production by Washed Suspensions

Williams

Wimpenny

1980

Microbiology

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An assay was developed to measure the rate of exopolysaccharide formation by washed non-proliferating suspensions of Pseudomonas NCIB 11264 grown under a range of controlled environmental conditions. The specific activities of certain of the enzymes involved in the formation of the sugar nucleotide precursors of polysaccharide biosynthesis were also measured in steady-state populations. The level of enzyme activity did not reflect either the amount of extracellular polysaccharide produced or the rate at which glucose was incorporated into exopolysaccharide, which was dependent on medium composition, environmental factors, and the rate and stage of growth of the organism. The specific activities were not affected by either cultural conditions or the separate addition of actinomycin D and chloramphenicol, indicating a constitutive biosynthetic system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis by Pseudomonas NCIB 11264. Studies on Precursor-forming Enzymes and Factors Affecting Exopolysaccharide Production by Washed Suspensions

Williams

Wimpenny

1980

Microbiology

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“…The separation of Pseudomonas aemginosa from other members of the genus on the basis of temperature requirements for growth and on the production of pyocyanine now seem well established (Seleen & Stark, 1943;Haynes, 1951). All the Pseudomonas strains studied here that were capable of growth at 42" also produced pyocyanine and these were classified as P. aemginosa.…”

Section: Pseudomonasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No P. mginosa strains were isolated from water. The gluconate test of Haynes (1951), the oxidase test of Kovacs (1956) and the cytochrome oxidase test of Gaby & Hadley (1957), all of which were developed to distinguish P. aeruginosu from other Gram-negative bacteria found in clinical material, gave positive results with some P. jluuorescms strains also. Although the two species show many common characteristics (see also Rhodes, 1959), as one would hope, since they are classified in the same genus, there appears to be little chance of confusing them, even if pyocyanine production is ignored.…”

Section: Pseudomonasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our knowledge of the polarly flagellate Gram-negative bacteria is being increased by studies concerned with the identification and internal classification of one, or sometimes of two genera (Haynes, 1951 Rhodes, 1959;Eddy, 1960), and by the development of simple methods for differentiating polarly flagellate from pentrichously flagellate and non-motile forms, and for separating polasly flagellate forms into genera (Shewan, Hodgkiss & Liston, 19541;Ewing & Johnson, 1960). However, if a satisfactory classification of the Gram-negative rods is to be achieved, more information about the range of types of polarly flagellate bacteria that exist, and about the relationships of these types with one another and with peritrichously flagellate and non-motile bacteria, will have to be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Certain Heterotrophic Polarly Flagellate Water Bacteria: Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Comamonas

Park

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYSixty-one polarly flagellate bacteria, initially identified as such by the type of motility they displayed, were isolated from surface waters and classified on the basis of cultural and biochemical tests into three genera : Aeromorcas, Pseudomonas, Comamonas. Sixteen similarly flagellated cultures from other sources were also found to be members of these genera. Some bacteria with a single polar flagellum and giving reactions of the Alcaligenes type were isolated. It is suggested that the definition of the genus Cornamonas (Davis & Park) be extended to include such forms. The possibility of confusing Aeromonas with Vibrio and with some enterobacteria is discussed.

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“…aeruginosa: (1) rapid growth at 41'42°C (Seleen and Stark, 1943;Haynes, 1951 ;Stanier, Palleroni and Doudoroff, 1966); (2) no formation of acid from polyols (Mossel and Indacochea, unpublished) and (3) rapid deamination of acetamide (Riihlmann, Vischer and Bruhin, 1961 ;Kelly and Clark, 1962;Hedberg, 1969).…”

Section: Preliminary Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Cetrimide Medium For The Detection Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Mossel

Indacochea

1971

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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ESTIMATES of the numbers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in food, water supplies and medicaments may be made either by direct enumeration methods (Selenka, 1960;Drake, 1966;Kielwein, 1969), or by presence-or-absence tests (Favero, Drake and Randall, 1964;Black et al., 1970). In the former, material is seeded on to a solid diagnostic medium and the relevant colonies are counted; in the latter, portions are first enriched in a liquid selective medium and streaks are subsequently made on to a similar solid medium. Cetrimide agar (Lowbury and Collins, 1955;Brown and Lowbury, 1965) is a useful medium for this purpose, but it is not completely selective for Ps. aeruginosa (Goto and Enomoto, 1970); and colonies of this organism on it cannot always be identified with certainty unless confirmatory tests are made (Azuma and Witter, 1970). PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTSAn attempt was made to increase the diagnostic value of the cetrimide medium by making use of three fairly constant metabolic attributes of Ps. aeruginosa: (1) rapid growth at 41'42°C (Seleen and Stark, 1943;Haynes, 1951 ;Stanier, Palleroni and Doudoroff, 1966); (2) no formation of acid from polyols (Mossel and Indacochea, unpublished) and (3) rapid deamination of acetamide (Riihlmann, Vischer and Bruhin, 1961 ;Kelly and Clark, 1962;Hedberg, 1969).Hedberg's peptone-free acetamide agar was first tried as the basal medium; but, as shown by Hedberg herself, it readily supported the growth of some other Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, we found that approximately 20 per cent. of some 200 strains of Ps. aeruginosa freshly isolated from clinical material did not deaminate acetamide on Hedberg's medium at 42°C.Next, acetamide was added to Brown and Lowbury's modified cetrimide agar. Brown and Lowbury included glycerol in their medium to promote pigment formation. This was useful for our purpose also, because the enterobacteria that were able to grow on this medium and to attack glycerol produced sufficient acid to mask any alkalinity resulting from the deamination of acetamide. However, some of them did not attack glycerol, and such strains might deaminate acetamide and hence be recorded as Ps. aeruginosa. This was remedied by replacing half the glycerol by D-mannitol, from which such strains produce acid; virtually all of the Enterobacteriaceae produce acid either from glycerol or mannitol.Phenol red was included in the medium as indicator to reveal whether or not the net effect of polyol dissimilation and acetamide deamination is alkalinisation of the medium as in the case of Ps. aeruginosa. A red zone around the area of growth was therefore taken to be presumptive evidence for the presence of this organism. The medium thus composed was called GMAC (glycerol-mannitol-acetamide-cetrimide) agar. COMPOSITION OF THE MEDIUMTo prepare the medium, 0.2 g peptone, 10 g KzS04,1.4 g MgC12 . 6H20,0.3 g cetrimide (AR), 5 ml glycerol (AR), 5 g D-mannitol (AR) and 15 g agar were added to 900 ml distilled water; the pH was adjusted to 7-0 and the mixture sterilised for 20 min. at 118"-121°C;

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa---its Characterization and Identification

Cited by 167 publications

References 21 publications

Extracellular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis by Pseudomonas NCIB 11264. Studies on Precursor-forming Enzymes and Factors Affecting Exopolysaccharide Production by Washed Suspensions

Extracellular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis by Pseudomonas NCIB 11264. Studies on Precursor-forming Enzymes and Factors Affecting Exopolysaccharide Production by Washed Suspensions

A Study of Certain Heterotrophic Polarly Flagellate Water Bacteria: Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Comamonas

A New Cetrimide Medium For The Detection Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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