Pseudomonas aeruginosa: disseminação de resistência antimicrobiana em efluente hospitalar e água superficial

Abstract

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 41(5):470-473, set-out, 2008 ARTIGO/ARTICLEAntibióticos e bactérias resistentes são descartados em grandes quantidades no ambiente 6 como resultado do aumento e freqüente uso indiscriminado de antibióticos nas práticas médicas, veterinárias e agrárias. As águas dos rios são os principais receptores desses poluentes, uma vez que recebem os esgotos urbano, industrial e hospitalar. Os rios são considerados uma das principais fontes de água, direta ou indiretamente, para consumo humano e animal, portanto, esta poluição pode contribuir para a manutenção e até disseminação da resistência bacteriana 5 . O esgoto hospitalar, especificamente, libera uma variedade de substâncias além de antibióticos, tais como fármacos, desinfetantes, anestésicos, metais pesados e drogas ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to compare sewage samples from Hospital São Vicente de Paulo with water samples from the Passo Fundo river, with regard to the susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, in order to make inferences about the presence of strains of hospital origin in surface water samples. The statistical significance between the susceptibility profiles of the samples was tested using analysis of variance, and the samples were compared by means of contrasts of interest. One hundred and ninety-eight isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recovered from the samples analyzed. No phenotype for multiresistance was found in the samples from the Passo Fundo river, although some carbapenem-resistant isolates were identified, thereby indicating the presence of contamination with bacteria derived from an environment under strong selection pressure. Significant differences between the water and hospital effluent samples were observed, based on the analysis of variance by means of contrasts of interest. Key-words:Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial resistance. Surface water. Hospital sewage.não metabolizadas por pacientes 3 . A ocorrência de ambientes fortemente seletivos para os microrganismos recuperados de efluentes hospitalares, gera um aumento da freqüência de genes de resistência bacteriana. Estudos têm demonstrado que efluentes hospitalares apresentam níveis mais elevados de bactérias entéricas resistentes a antimicrobianos do que efluentes derivados de outras fontes e, que a concentração de antimicrobianos na água que recebe o esgoto hospitalar também é superior, criando um ambiente com forte pressão seletiva 10 . Além disso, as precárias condições de saneamento básico e a falta de tratamento dos efluentes hospitalares podem estabelecer rotas de disseminação de bactérias multirresistentes 1 13 .

The influence of industrial and agricultural waste on water quality in the Água Boa stream (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil)

“…in aquatic environments did not note the presence of P. putida in your samples (Suzuki et al 2013;Fuentefria et al 2008). However, the present study found two P. putida isolates in Água Boa stream water that showed resistance to at least one antibiotic.…”

“…isolated, three (23 %) showed resistance to the tested antibiotics (Table 4): one species of P. aeruginosa was resistant to Imipenem, Meropenem, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Cefepime, and Ceftazidime; one species of P. putida had intrinsic resistance to Piperacillin/Tazobactam; and one strain of P. putida had Cefepime and Gentamicin resistance. Fuentefria et al (2008) found that 31 % of P. aeruginosa isolates from surface water also showed resistance to imipenem or meropenem.…”

Beta-lactams resistance and presence of class 1 integron in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from untreated hospital effluents in Brazil

“…P. pseudoalcaligenes, the most common species found, is often isolated from environmental samples and has also been also related to antibiotic resistance (Quinteira et al 2005). Resistant P. aeruginosa have been commonly found in hospital effluents (Fonseca et al 2005;Fuentefria et al 2008;Tuméo et al 2008;Yang et al 2009;Fuentefria et al 2011). It is important to consider the presence of resistant isolates from other Pseudomonas species, since they may represent a possible reservoir of resistance determinants in the hospital effluent, as shown by Koh et al (2004).…”

“<i>In Vitro</i>” Antibacterial Activity of the Hidroalcoholic Extract of the Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Barks

“…The S. aureus is among the most frequent nosocomial pathogens, as the resistance to multiple drugs is common and contributes to the difficulty in the treatment of infections [17]- [19].…”