Pseudomembranous colitis

Farooq, Priya D.; Urrunaga, Nathalie H.; Tang, Derek M.; Rosenvinge, Erik C. von

doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2015.01.006

Cited by 105 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(329 reference statements)

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“…Owing to the predominance of C. difficile as the cause of pseudomembranous colitis, the appreciation of S. aureus as a potential aetiology has declined. Other rare causes of pseudomembranous colitis include cytomegalovirus, S. dysenteriae , E. coli O157:H7, K. oxytoca , S. enterica , Plesiomonas and ischaemic colitis 2 4. Medications and chemicals such as cisplatin, cyclosporine, 5-fluorouracil and gold have been implicated too 4…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous colitis secondary tomethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)

2016

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A 37-year-old woman with a history of type II diabetes and Crohn's disease, status postcholecystectomy, presented with a >2-week history of cramping abdominal pain, nausea, non-bloody/non-bilious emesis and, later, diarrhoea. A flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed, revealing that 'a segmental pseudomembrane was found from rectum to sigmoid colon'. Clostridium difficile PCR on the stool was repeated twice and resulted negative both times. A food history prior to onset of symptoms was consistent with Staphylococcal food poisoning and a stool culture was positive for heavy growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the absence of enteric flora. The patient was successfully treated with oral vancomycin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous colitis secondary tomethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)

2016

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“…The AE definitions in the JADER database were provided by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities ver. 19.0/Japanese (MedDRA/J, www. pmrj.jp/jmo/php/indexj.php).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for CDI include the type of antibiotic, use of a combination of antibiotics, hospitalization, older age, underlying medical conditions, gastrointestinal surgery, and nasogastric tubes [17,18]. Antibiotics such as clindamycin, penicillin, fluoroquinolone, and second-and third-generation cephalosporin are typically associated with CDI, but the disease can occur with almost any anti-bacterial agent, including vancomycin and metronidazole, which are commonly used for treatment [15,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anti-infective-related Clostridium difficile-associated colitis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database

et al. 2020

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Clostridium difficile-associated colitis (CDAC) may cause gastrointestinal illness, ranging in severity from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis and even mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-infective-related CDAC profiles using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Methods: We selected case reports of adverse events of CDAC as specified in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. The association between the number of administered anti-infectives and aging was evaluated using reporting odds ratio (ROR) and adjusted for covariates using multiple-logistic regression. We also evaluated anti-infective-related CDAC-onset profiles using Weibull shape parameter. Results: The JADER database contained 534 688 reports from April 2004 to June 2018. There were 1222 anti-infective related CDAC events. The top five anti-infectives were as follows: third-generation cephalosporins (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code: J01DD, 313 cases), fluoroquinolones (ATC code: J01MA, 201 cases), macrolides (ATC code: J01FA, 146 cases), carbapenems (ATC code: J01DH, 143 cases), and penicillins with extended spectrum (ATC code: J01CA, 103 cases). The adjusted RORs (95% confidence interval) in individuals using 1, 2, and ≥ 3 anti-infectives were 8.88 (7.05−11.18), 9.77 (6.89−13.86), and 18.39 (11.85−28.54), respectively. Moreover, 47.2% of CDACs occurred within 7 days of anti-infective therapy initiation. The adjusted ROR of interaction terms of ≥ 70 years × 1 drug was 21.81 (14.56−32.68). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the number of administered anti-infectives and patient age are associated with CDAC. These data may be particularly beneficial to prescribers and would contribute to improving the management of CDAC.

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“…Imaging such as TAUS examination are usually performed, but the US finding of infective colitis is not specific and not necessary for the diagnosis. TAUS can detect bowel wall thickening, enlarged lymph nodes, ascites and complications of bowel infections such as colon dilatation, toxic megacolon, perforation or intraabdominal abscess[26,27]. …”

Section: Infective Colorectal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ultrasound in colorectal diseases

Bor¹,

Fábián²,

Szepes³

2016

WJG

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Ultrasound is an undervalued non-invasive examination in the diagnosis of colonic diseases. It has been replaced by the considerably more expensive magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, despite the fact that, as first examination, it can usefully supplement the diagnostic process. Transabdominal ultrasound can provide quick information about bowel status and help in the choice of adequate further examinations and treatment. Ultrasonography, as a screening imaging modality in asymptomatic patients can identify several colonic diseases such as diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease or cancer. In addition, it is widely available, cheap, non-invasive technique without the use of ionizing radiation, therefore it is safe to use in childhood or during pregnancy, and can be repeated at any time. New ultrasound techniques such as elastography, contrast enhanced and Doppler ultrasound, mini-probes rectal and transperineal ultrasonography have broadened the indication. It gives an overview of the methodology of various ultrasound examinations, presents the morphology of normal bowel wall and the typical changes in different colonic diseases. We will pay particular attention to rectal and transperineal ultrasound because of their outstanding significance in the diagnosis of rectal and perineal disorders. This article seeks to overview the diagnostic impact and correct indications of bowel ultrasound.

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Pseudomembranous colitis

Cited by 105 publications

References 172 publications

Pseudomembranous colitis secondary tomethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)

Pseudomembranous colitis secondary tomethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)

Evaluation of anti-infective-related Clostridium difficile-associated colitis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database

Role of ultrasound in colorectal diseases

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