Pseudohyphal growth of the emerging pathogen<i>Candida auris</i>is triggered by genotoxic stress through the S phase checkpoint

Ruiz, Gustavo Bravo; Ross, Zoe K.; Gow, Neil A. R.; Lorenz, Alexander

doi:10.1101/832931

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…In the case of C. auris , some authors highlight the inability of this species to produce pseudohyphae, germ tube, chlamydoconidia and chlamydospores [ 28 ]. On the other hand, different authors have described that the formation of a rudimentary and occasional pseudohyphae may occur, specific to some strains or under certain conditions, as stress response [ 29 ]. The formation of hyphae, pseudohyphae and germ tube in other yeast species such as C. albicans and C. tropicalis has been associated with high virulence [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity Levels of Colombian Strains of Candida auris and Brazilian Strains of Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Both Murine and Galleria mellonella Experimental Models

Muñoz

Ramírez

Dias

et al. 2020

JoF

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Candida auris and Candida haemulonii complex (C. haemulonii, C. haemulonii var. vulnera and C. duobushaemulonii) are phylogenetically related species that share some physiological features and habits. In the present study, we compared the virulence of these yeast species using two different experimental models: (i) Galleria mellonella larvae to evaluate the survival rate, fungal burden, histopathology and phagocytosis index and (ii) BALB/c mice to evaluate the survival. In addition, the fungal capacity to form biofilm over an inert surface was analyzed. Our results showed that in both experimental models, the animal survival rate was lower when infected with C. auris strains than the C. haemulonii species complex. The hemocytes of G. mellonella showed a significantly reduced ability to phagocytize the most virulent strains forming the C. haemulonii species complex. Interestingly, for C. auris, it was impossible to measure the phagocytosis index due to a general lysis of the hemocytes. Moreover, it was observed a greater capability of biofilm formation by C. auris compared to C. haemulonii species complex. In conclusion, we observed that C. auris and C. haemulonii complex have different levels of pathogenicity in the experimental models employed in the present study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity Levels of Colombian Strains of Candida auris and Brazilian Strains of Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Both Murine and Galleria mellonella Experimental Models

Muñoz

Ramírez

Dias

et al. 2020

JoF

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“…Considering that immunosuppression is a major risk factor for the development of candidemia 78 the findings in this study might provide some explanation for the virulence of non-albicans Candida species, such as C. glabrata and C. auris, that do not form true hyphae 79,80 . Interestingly, the yeast form is the virulent cell type in most pathogenic dimorphic fungi, such as Histoplasma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Rapid proliferation due to better metabolic adaptation results in full virulence of a filament-deficient Candida albicans strain

et al. 2021

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The ability of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans to undergo a yeast-to-hypha transition is believed to be a key virulence factor, as filaments mediate tissue damage. Here, we show that virulence is not necessarily reduced in filament-deficient strains, and the results depend on the infection model used. We generate a filament-deficient strain by deletion or repression of EED1 (known to be required for maintenance of hyphal growth). Consistent with previous studies, the strain is attenuated in damaging epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro and in a mouse model of intraperitoneal infection. However, in a mouse model of systemic infection, the strain is as virulent as the wild type when mice are challenged with intermediate infectious doses, and even more virulent when using low infectious doses. Retained virulence is associated with rapid yeast proliferation, likely the result of metabolic adaptation and improved fitness, leading to high organ fungal loads. Analyses of cytokine responses in vitro and in vivo, as well as systemic infections in immunosuppressed mice, suggest that differences in immunopathology contribute to some extent to retained virulence of the filament-deficient mutant. Our findings challenge the long-standing hypothesis that hyphae are essential for pathogenesis of systemic candidiasis by C. albicans.

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“…Also, Figure 1c shows the pseudohyphae form of the Candida sp. during the study which is commonly formed at specific environmental conditions subsequently affecting a delay in both cell-cycle progression and extension of the apical growth period (Bravo Ruiz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida Species Distribution of Clinical Specimens in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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Candidiasis has become increasingly widespread in the community alongside with the developing resistance of Candida sp. to some antifungals. A prevalence study in the present research is required to surveil the distribution of Candida-related infections to administrate the appropriate antifungal treatments. The objective of this research was to determine the species distribution of candidiasis with their antifungal susceptibility isolated from clinical specimens at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH) Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The clinical specimens were from inpatients and outpatients in the hospital during January to June 2019. The identification of Candida species and antifungal sensitivity assay were conducted by using VITEK® 2 Compact. Of a total of 68 isolates, there were six species of Candida with the highest species prevalence was Candida tropicalis (52.94%). Additionally, the highest prevalence of candidiasis came from urine specimen (54.41%) and mostly from inpatients in the internal medicine unit (54.41%). Candidiasis occurred predominantly in men (58.82%) and during adulthood (55.88%). The antibiogram of Candida sp. shows a high percentage of sensitivity towards some antifungals including fluconazole (100%), voriconazole (100%), caspofungin (100%), micafungin (100%), amphotericin B (99.5%), and flucytosine (100%). From this result, it can be concluded that candidiasis cases in the ZAH Banda Aceh, Indonesia has prevalently occurred with the few antifungal therapies for candidiasis of were still effective empirically and definitively. This is an initial study of Candida prevalence within different clinical samples in Banda Aceh and the study is expected to be a basis for prevention and control of Candida-related infections in the area.

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Pseudohyphal growth of the emerging pathogenCandida aurisis triggered by genotoxic stress through the S phase checkpoint

Cited by 6 publications

References 91 publications

Pathogenicity Levels of Colombian Strains of Candida auris and Brazilian Strains of Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Both Murine and Galleria mellonella Experimental Models

Pathogenicity Levels of Colombian Strains of Candida auris and Brazilian Strains of Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Both Murine and Galleria mellonella Experimental Models

Rapid proliferation due to better metabolic adaptation results in full virulence of a filament-deficient Candida albicans strain

Candida Species Distribution of Clinical Specimens in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

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