Pseudogauge dependence of quantum fluctuations of the energy in a hot relativistic gas of fermions

Das, Arpan; Florkowski, Wojciech; Ryblewski, Radosław; Singh, Rajeev

doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.l091502

Cited by 22 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As in our previous studies [44][45][46], here we assume a subsystem inside a larger thermodynamic system consisting of spin-1 2 particles having mass with no conserved charges. The volume of the system is large enough to perform integrals over particle momentum.…”

Section: Basic Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantum and statistical fluctuations intrinsic to any many-body system [1] have an important role as they contain crucial information about the possible phase transitions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], dissipative phenomena [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], and the formation of the large scale structures in the universe [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Following the footsteps of our previous works [44][45][46][47][48][49]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical expressions for quantum fluctuations of energy for different energy-momentum tensors

Singh¹

2021

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics — PoS(LHCP2021)

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Expressions for the quantum fluctuations of energy density have been derived for the subsystems consisting of hot relativistic gas of particles with spin-1 2 and mass . Our expressions for the fluctuation depend on the form of energy-momentum tensor which in turn depends on the choice of pseudo-gauge. These results suggest that quantum fluctuations of energy should be considered seriously in the case of very small thermodynamic systems.

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Section: Basic Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical expressions for quantum fluctuations of energy for different energy-momentum tensors

Singh¹

2021

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics — PoS(LHCP2021)

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“…The system size dependence of quantum fluctuations has been studied theoretically in Refs. [56][57][58]. These fluctuations may be represented by the q parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear waves in a hot, viscous and non-extensive quark-gluon plasma

Sarwar

Hasanujjaman²,

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2022

Eur. Phys. J. C

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The effects of the non-extensive statistics on the nonlinear propagation of perturbations have been studied within the scope of relativistic second order dissipative hydrodynamics with non-extensive equation of state. We have shown that the equations, describing the propagation of nonlinear waves under such situation admit solutions similar to that of KdV-type (Korteweg–De Vries) equations. Apart from their preserved solitonic behaviour the dissipative nature of these waves are also observed. The waves with larger amplitude and width dissipate less and propagate faster and these waves deplete more for both smaller values of Tsallis parameter (q) and temperature (T) of the medium. For vanishingly small transport coefficients the nonlinear waves show breaking nature. These findings suggest that the nature of the propagation of the nonlinear waves may serve as a good probe to differentiate between the extensive and non-extensive thermodynamic nature of a fluid, such as the quark-gluon plasma, produced in relativistic nuclear collisions.

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“…Rather, in this article, we try to shed light on the concepts of energy density and how well it is defined for a finite-size system. In this context, we study the quantum statistical fluctuation of the time-time ("tt") component of the energy-momentum tensor ( T tt ) within a quantum field theoretical framework for spin-zero (scalar) as well as for spinhalf (fermion) particles [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand for a large system, these quantum statistical fluctuations give rise to standard statistical fluctuations for a thermodynamic system (for a more detailed discussion see Refs. [5,6]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum statistical fluctuation of energy and its novel pseudo-gauge dependence

Das

2022

Preprint

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We discuss the quantum statistical fluctuations of energy in subsystems of hot relativistic gas for both spin-zero and spin half particles. We explicitly show the system size dependence of the quantum statistical fluctuation of energy. Our results show that with decreasing system size quantum statistical fluctuations increase substantially. As the consistency of the framework, we also argue that the quantum statistical fluctuations give rise to the known result for statistical fluctuation of energy in the canonical ensemble if we consider the size of the subsystem to be sufficiently large. For a spin-half particle quantum fluctuations show some interesting novel features. We show that within a small sub-system quantum statistical fluctuation of energy for spin half particles depends on the various pseudo-gauge choices of the energy-momentum tensor. Interestingly, for sufficiently large subsystems quantum fluctuations obtained for different pseudo-gauge choices converge and we recover the canonical-ensemble formula known for statistical fluctuations of energy. Our calculation is very general and can be applied to any branch of physics whenever one deals with a thermal system. As a practical application, we argue that our results can be used to determine a coarsegraining scale to introduce the concept of classical energy density or fluid element relevant for the strongly interacting matter, in particular for small systems produced in heavy-ion collisions.

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Pseudogauge dependence of quantum fluctuations of the energy in a hot relativistic gas of fermions

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Mathematical expressions for quantum fluctuations of energy for different energy-momentum tensors

Mathematical expressions for quantum fluctuations of energy for different energy-momentum tensors

Nonlinear waves in a hot, viscous and non-extensive quark-gluon plasma

Quantum statistical fluctuation of energy and its novel pseudo-gauge dependence

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