A subgroup
H
H
of a topological group
G
G
is (weakly) totally dense in
G
G
if for each closed (normal) subgroup
N
N
of
G
G
the set
H
∩
N
H \cap N
is dense in
N
N
. We show that no compact (or more generally,
ω
\omega
-bounded) group contains a proper, totally dense, countably compact subgroup. This yields that a countably compact Abelian group
G
G
is compact if and only if each continuous homomorphism
π
:
G
→
H
\pi :G \to H
of
G
G
onto a topological group
H
H
is open. Here "Abelian" cannot be dropped. A connected, compact group contains a proper, weakly totally dense, countably compact subgroup if and only if its center is not a
G
δ
{G_\delta }
-subgroup. If a topological group contains a proper, totally dense, pseudocompact subgroup, then none of its closed, normal
G
δ
{G_\delta }
-subgroups is torsion. Under Lusin’s hypothesis
2
ω
1
=
2
ω
{2^{{\omega _1}}} = {2^\omega }
the converse is true for a compact Abelian group
G
G
. If
G
G
is a compact Abelian group with nonmetrizable connected component of zero, then there are a dense, countably compact subgroup
K
K
of
G
G
and a proper, totally dense subgroup
H
H
of
G
G
with
K
⊆
H
K \subseteq H
(in particular,
H
H
is pseudocompact).