Pseudochoreoathetosis

Proprioceptive Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Dysfunction in Movement Disorders: A Clinical Perspective

“…However, it should be pointed out that choreic-like dyskinesias may develop because of proprioceptive loss following various nervous lesions. It has been postulated that such “pseudo-choreoathetosis” depends on a failure of processing limb proprioceptive information within the striatum (Sharp et al, 1994 ).…”

Neurogenic Pain and Abnormal Movements Contralateral to an Anterior Parietal Artery Stroke

“…Its differential diagnosis primarily involves the more common pseudochoreoathetosis, which results from severe impairment of proprioceptive sensation and appears as slow, snake-like, involuntary movements principally confined to the distal extremity. 10,17 Our present understanding of basal ganglia function considers a balance between the direct pathway (cortex-caudate-internal pallidum, accounting for dyskinesias) and the indirect pathway (cortexcaudate-external pallidum-subthalamic nucleus-internal pallidum, accounting for akinesia), which modulate the glutamatergic activator thalamocortical retroactive pathway. 18 Lesions that disrupt this balance, which are classically located in the subthalamic nucleus 2 but have also been described in the subthalamic-pallidal fibers, striatopallidal connections, basal ganglia, thalamus, [19][20][21] corona radiata, 4,22 and the frontal 19 or parietal 23,24 lobe, may induce hemiballismus.…”

Early Controversies over Athetosis: I. Clinical Features, Differentiation from other Movement Disorders, Associated Conditions, and Pathology

“…Some modern authors also erred in considering Hammond’s original cases as examples of a post-hemiplegic movement disorder,45, 46 but, as emphasized by Hammond, “In the original case there had never been hemiplegia, nor was there such a state in the second case, on which [Hammond’s] description of the disease was based.”6 Although Hammond later accepted that hemiplegia could be an antecedent in some cases, he emphasized that this was only a superimposed or superadded feature: “Where the motor tract is implicated there will be hemiplegia, spastic spasm, and exaggerated reflexes in addition to the athetosis” [emphasis added] 6. Thus, Hammond considered that the pyramidal findings were due to the extension of pathology into neural structures beyond those involved in the pathogenesis of athetosis.…”