Pseudoaprosencephaly: Aplasia of the Forebrain in a Median Facial Cleft Syndrome with Arhinia and Anophthalmia

Abstract

Report of a female fetus aborted at the 25th week of gestation, with severe microcephalus, trigonocephaly, median cleft lip and palate, arhinia, and anophthalmia. On opening of the skull the cranial cavity seemed to be occupied only by hindbrain structures. The forebrain, including the tentorium cerebelli and the falx were absent. However, in the light microscope membraneous remnants of a collapsed forebrain vesicle were found. They were connected with the mid-brain brain and appeared as glio-mesenchymal membranes with an ependymal out-line at their inner surface. There was no cranioschisis. The formal relationship of this forebrain malformation to abobar dorsal sac holoprosencephaly, and its separation from hydranencephaly are discussed. In view of the gross absence of the telencephalon and the microscopic demonstration of remnants of a prosencephalic vesicle it is suggested to term this "missing link" in the classification of human CNS malformations pseudoaprosencephaly.

Carl Schmitt and Hans Morgenthau: Realism and beyond

“…39 In a revealing 1932 essay, Schmitt can barely restrain his enthusiasm for the 'astonishing political achievement' of the Monroe Doctrine: the Monroe Doctrine is of 'world-historical significance', a true manifestation of a 'real and great imperialism.' 40 The Americans have taught the rest of the world that the essence of effective power is the manipulation of elastic legal clauses (e.g., the exception clauses of nonintervention treaties) for the sake of swallowing up small and medium-sized states whose sovereignty is unlikely to survive the rapid economic, technological, and military transformations of the present era. In conjunction with its manipulation of the legal instruments of the nonintervention treaty, the Americans have brilliantly employed the Monroe Doctrine to unveil the future face of international relations: the globe is destined to be carved up into a small group of 'huge complexes', encompassing entire continents or more, in which a single political entity exercises de facto sovereignty over its neighbors.…”