Pseudo-L0-Norm Fast Iterative Shrinkage Algorithm Network: Agile Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging via Deep Unfolding Network

Abstract

A novel compressive sensing (CS) synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) called AgileSAR has been proposed to increase swath width for sparse scenes while preserving azimuthal resolution. AgileSAR overcomes the limitation of the Nyquist sampling theorem so that it has a small amount of data and low system complexity. However, traditional CS optimization-based algorithms suffer from manual tuning and pre-definition of optimization parameters, and they generally involve high time and computational complexity for AgileSAR imaging. To address these issues, a pseudo-𝓛0-norm fast iterative shrinkage algorithm network (pseudo-𝓛0-norm FISTA-net) is proposed for AgileSAR imaging via the deep unfolding network in this paper. Firstly, a pseudo-𝓛0-norm regularization model is built by taking an approximately fair penalization rule based on Bayesian estimation. Then, we unfold the operation process of FISTA into a data-driven deep network to solve the pseudo-𝓛0-norm regularization model. The network’s parameters are automatically learned, and the learned network significantly increases imaging speed, so that it can improve the accuracy and efficiency of AgileSAR imaging. In addition, the nonlinearly sparsifying transform can learn more target details than the traditional sparsifying transform. Finally, the simulated and data experiments demonstrate the superiority and efficiency of the pseudo-𝓛0-norm FISTA-net for AgileSAR imaging.