Pseudo-halide anion engineering for α-FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells

Jeong, Jaeki; Kim, Minjin; Seo, Jongdeuk; Lu, Haizhou; Ahlawat, Paramvir; Mishra, Aditya; Yang, Yingguo; Hope, Michael A.; Eickemeyer, Felix T.; Kim, Maengsuk; Yoon, Yung Jin; Choi, In Woo; Darwich, Barbara Primera; Choi, Sung‐Ja; Jo, Yimhyun; Lee, Jun Hee; Walker, Bright; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Emsley, Lyndon; Röthlisberger, Ursula; Hagfeldt, Anders; Kim, Dong Suk; Grätzel, Michaël; Kim, Jin Young

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03406-5

Cited by 2,236 publications

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“…Lead (Pb) containing hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [1][2][3] have now surpassed the solar cell efficiency of 25%. [4][5][6] The energy bandgap of such perovskite absorbers is lying between 1.45 to 1.55 eV. According to the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit, the highest efficiencies for a single-junction solar cell can be obtained with the bandgap of 1.2-1.4 eV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9,[11][12][13][14] However, PCE of Sn-Pb mixed PSCs is still lagging behind their Pb counterparts, especially in terms of open-circuit voltage (V oc ) loss, which is conventionally described as the deficit from the bandgap, is less than 0.3 V for the efficient Pb-PSCs. [4][5][6] Therefore, in the recent past, the efforts are directed toward finding the solutions to overcome the V oc loss. Researchers around the world are trying to address the problem by solving the issues related to the physical properties of the Sn-Pb perovskite films such as short carrier lifetime, [12] large Urbach energy, [11] high trap density, and most importantly the rapid oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tin‐Lead Perovskite Fabricated via Ethylenediamine Interlayer Guides to the Solar Cell Efficiency of 21.74%

Kapil

Bessho

Maekawa

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

115

119

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terms of employing the ideal bandgap absorber layer in PSC, the tin-lead (Sn-Pb) mixed PSCs are now getting attention with the additional benefit of utilizing them in tandem solar cell technology. [8][9][10] In recent years, various research groups have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of more than 20% by employing Sn-Pb PSCs. [9,[11][12][13][14] However, PCE of Sn-Pb mixed PSCs is still lagging behind their Pb counterparts, especially in terms of open-circuit voltage (V oc ) loss, which is conventionally described as the deficit from the bandgap, is less than 0.3 V for the efficient Pb-PSCs. [4][5][6] Therefore, in the recent past, the efforts are directed toward finding the solutions to overcome the V oc loss. Researchers around the world are trying to address the problem by solving the issues related to the physical properties of the Sn-Pb perovskite films such as short carrier lifetime, [12] large Urbach energy, [11] high trap density, and most importantly the rapid oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ . [9,13,14] The focus has been on improving the physical properties by employing different thin film formation strategies. Tong et al., [12] demonstrated the drastic improvement in optoelectronic properties such as the increase in carrier lifetime of more than 1 µs and carrier diffusion length of longer than 1 µm with the incorporation of bulky guanidinium thiocyanate (GuaSCN) into the perovskite films that led to the first research report of more than 20% PCE in Sn-Pb PSCs with a V oc loss of 0.42 V. The increase in PSC performance is assigned to the passivation by the formation of a 2D structure at the grain boundaries that also suppresses the formation of Sn vacancies. This kind of improvement in solar cell performance is the same observation as reported in the case of pure Pb-containing PSCs. [15] Our group also showed the effect of the decrease in trap densities, at the surface and bulk, by using strain engineering, steering to the PCE of 20.4%, and V oc loss of less than 0.50 V. [11] Recently, Li et al., [16] also demonstrated the importance of surface and grain boundary passivation by the formation of 1D pyrrolidine perovskite, a V oc loss of 0.41 V is reported. Lin et al., [9] addressed the oxidation problem in Sn-Pb precursor solution. The Sn metal is introduced as a reducing agent in precursor solution that decreased concentration of Sn 4+ (Sn 4+ + Sn→ 2Sn 2+ ) in the precursor solution before the film formation, Tin-lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) than their Pb counterparts mainly because of the higher open-circuit voltage (V oc ) loss. Here, it is revealed that the p-type surface of perovskite transforms to n-type, based on post-treatment by a Lewis base, ethylenediamine. This approach forms a graded band structure owing to the rise of the Fermi-energy level at the surface of the perovskite layer, and increases the built-in potential from 0.56 to 0.76 V, which increases the V oc by more than 100 mV. It is demonstrated that EDA can lower the ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin‐Lead Perovskite Fabricated via Ethylenediamine Interlayer Guides to the Solar Cell Efficiency of 21.74%

Kapil

Bessho

Maekawa

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

115

119

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“…[94] In addition, several research groups are now focusing their efforts toward the realization of all-inorganic Cs-based PSCs with scalable techniques, thus achieving 19% PCE in 2020 via blade coating deposition. [44] When considering potential commercial applications, CsPbI 3 can be successfully employed in single junction solar cells, delivering moderately high efficiency (>19%) devices with good stability, despite much work has still to be done to reach the performances of common organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites-nowadays 25.6% [98] -and the stability standards imposed by the market. Alternatively, all-inorganic single junction solar cells, for instance, in the p-i-n configuration, can be ideally adopted in tandem devices, where the perovskite cell is engineered on top of standard inorganic Si or CIGS cells, but also on perovskites forming all perovskite tandem junctions.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Inorganic Cesium‐Based Hybrid Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells and Modules

Montecucco

Quadrivi

Pò

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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high defect tolerance, long carrier diffusion length, and compatibility toward scalable manufacturing processes to name a few. [2][3][4][5][6][7] However, hybrid perovskites face severe degradation issues under operative conditions, which stem from the (photo) chemical instability when exposed to moisture, oxygen, UV light, and heat. [8][9][10][11][12] Among other reasons, the presence of the hydrophobic organic cation, e.g., methylammonium, can accelerate the degradation path. [12][13][14] For this reason, a greater focus has been devoted to exploring inorganic elements to replace the organic cations, for instance, using cesium to form CsPbX 3 all-inorganic perovskites. This system has been revealed of particular interest especially for the improved thermal stability of the material and, consequently, the enhanced device lifetime. [13] CsPbI 3 and CsPbBr 3 are the most studied materials within this class, with a rapid boost of their use for highly efficient solar cells, reaching 19.03% in 2019. [15] However, the PCE of CsPbX 3 -based devices are still lower than their organic-inorganic counterparts and far from the Shockley-Queisser limit calculated for their bandgap. [16] Therefore, major efforts are required to stabilize the CsPbI 3 structure and to fabricate high quality CsPbX 3 thin films, before upscaling the manufacturing toward marketable devices. In this work, we provide a compelling perspective on the most recent and innovative strategies to tackle this challenge. The structural and optoelectronic properties of CsPbX 3 materials are first sorted out, with a focus on the film morphology, crystal structure, and phase transitions of each system. Second, methods for improving the photovoltaic performances and the stability of CsPbX 3 -based devices are reported, focusing on the highest PCE and the longest device lifetimes reported up to date. Finally, we provide a perspective on the state of the art and future challenges for the upscaling of all-inorganic perovskite modules.

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“…Other strategies for improving the stability are therefore based on additives that should passivate the grain boundaries or various types of encapsulation [ 13 ], but the improvements in stability are generally far from the requirements for commercial applications. Yet, it has been recently demonstrated that the addition of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate to the solvent encapsulates each grain, making the

-FAPI film perfectly stable for at least 100 days in air [ 20 ], and considerable stability is obtained also by passivating the iodide vacancies with the addition of formate [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Transitions and Stability of FAPbI3 and MAPbI3: The Role of Interstitial Water

et al. 2021

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We studied the influence of water on the structural stability and transformations of MAPI and FAPI by anelastic and dielectric spectroscopies under various temperature and H2O partial pressure protocols. Before discussing the new results in terms of interstitial water in MAPI and FAPI, the literature is briefly reviewed, in search of other studies and evidences on interstitial water in hybrid halide perovskites. In hydrated MAPI, the elastic anomaly between the cubic α and tetragonal β phases may be depressed by more than 50%, demonstrating that there are H2O molecules dispersed in the perovskite lattice in interstitial form, that hinder the long range tilting of the PbI6 octahedra. Instead, in FAPI, interstitial water accelerates in both senses the reconstructive transformations between 3D α and 1D δ phases, which is useful during the crystallization of the α phase. On the other hand, the interstitial H2O molecules increase the effective size of the MA and FA cations to which are bonded, shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium from the compact perovskite structure to the open δ and hydrated phases of loosely bonded chains of PbI6 octahedra. For this reason, when fabricating devices based on hybrid metal-organic halide perovskites, it is important to reduce the content of interstitial water as much as possible before encapsulation.

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Pseudo-halide anion engineering for α-FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells

Cited by 2,236 publications

References 37 publications

Tin‐Lead Perovskite Fabricated via Ethylenediamine Interlayer Guides to the Solar Cell Efficiency of 21.74%

Tin‐Lead Perovskite Fabricated via Ethylenediamine Interlayer Guides to the Solar Cell Efficiency of 21.74%

All‐Inorganic Cesium‐Based Hybrid Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells and Modules

Structural Transitions and Stability of FAPbI3 and MAPbI3: The Role of Interstitial Water

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