Pseudo-Doherty Load-Modulated Balanced Amplifier With Wide Bandwidth and Extended Power Back-Off Range

Cao, Yuchen; Chen, Kenle

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2020.2983925

Cited by 98 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The reported RF-input LMBA in [23], sequential-LMBA (SLMBA) in [31] and phase controlled LMBA in [32] employ OMNs while the bandwidth performance and impact from the OMNs have not been analyzed in detail. In [33], the proposed Pseudo-Doherty LMBA (PD-LMBA) employs OMN for the carrier PA with similar system configuration to the SLMBA in [31] and achieves 57% fractional bandwidth with 10 dB OBO level, verified the feasibility of using OMNs in broadband LMBAlike architectures. The RF-input LMBA introduced in [23] has proven that Doherty-like operation can be achieved by the LMBA with RF-input structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Broadband RF-Input Continuous-Mode Load-Modulated Balanced Power Amplifier With Input Phase Adjustment

Pang

Chu

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This paper presents the theory and design methodology of broadband RF-input continuous mode load modulated balanced power amplifier (CM-LMBA) by introducing the continuous mode output matching networks in the LMBA architecture. It is illustrated that the continuous mode impedance condition can be achieved by properly adjusting the phase difference between the different PA branches in the proposed CM-LMBA during the entire load modulation process. An RF-input CM-LMBA with 1.45-2.45 GHz bandwidth using commercial GaN transistors is designed and implemented to validate the proposed architecture. The fabricated CM-LMBA attains a measured 11.2-13.4 dB gain and around 40 Watts saturated power. Power added efficiency (PAE) of 46.4-56.5% and 43.2-50.3% is achieved at 6 dB and 8 dB output power back-off throughout the designed band. When driven by a 100 MHz OFDM signal with 8 dB peak to average power ratio (PAPR), the proposed CM-LMBA achieves better than -46 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and higher than 45% average PAE after digital pre-distortion at 1.8 GHz and 2.1 GHz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Broadband RF-Input Continuous-Mode Load-Modulated Balanced Power Amplifier With Input Phase Adjustment

Pang

Chu

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…Also, while published class-E amplifiers have high Drain Efficiency (DE) at the maximum output power (P M AX ), the OBO efficiencies are typically low and not reported. Compared to amplifiers operating in a similar frequency range [5], [6], [10], the presented amplifier occupies 80% less area in average. The presented PA can achieve an octave frequency range, while maintaining a small form factor, and good OBO efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Their limited back-off efficiency can often be mitigated using advanced techniques such as envelop tracking. This, however, comes at the cost of limited bandwidth and added design complexity, which can prevent those amplifiers from becoming a "drop-in-module" in base stations [5]. Alternatively, Doherty-based amplifiers can deliver higher back-off efficiency using various powercombining and bandwidth-enhancing techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The required complex structure to split and combine the RF power, however, limits their bandwidth [7], [9], and results in larger form factor [6], [8]. Load-modulated balanced amplifiers [5], [10] also enhance the efficiency of amplifiers by injecting an additional control signal with predetermined amplitude and phase. This might be a limitation since the phase of the additional signal source needs to be accurately controlled for every power level, adding to the power, size, and complexity of the design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Compact Octave Tunable Switched-Power-Combining PA

Khater

Abdelfattah

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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This paper presents a switched-power-combining RF power amplifier (PA) architecture, using evanescentmode resonators as input splitters and output combiners. The input resonator also provides proper input matching to the transistor, eliminating the need for an input matching network, which reduces the overall size of the PA. The external couplings into the resonators are switchable to allow for activating one, two, or all three sub-PAs, depending on the power requirement. This results in a higher Output Back-off (OBO) efficiency, compared to a single PA. The presented concepts for the proposed architecture are supported by theoretical analysis and experimental validation. The implemented PA is based on Class-E sub-PAs, operates in the 1.2-2.4 GHz range, provides 36-40 dBm output power, and occupies an area of 41×82 mm 2 . Compared to the state-of-the-art amplifiers operating at this frequency range, this resembles an average of 80% reduction in size.

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“…One major drawback of transmitting complex modulated signals is the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPRs), which forces the transistors to operate in the linear region with a large input back-off. As an example, 4G communication uses signals with 7-8 dB power back-off (PBO) while in 5G and WLAN IEEE 802.11ax, the signal PBO can be larger than 9.5 dB [1], [2]. Power amplifiers (PAs) suffer from efficiency degradation when working in the PBO region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mmWave Spatial-Temporal Single Harmonic Switching Transmitter Arrays for High back-off Beamforming Efficiency

Yu,

Lu,

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This paper presents a spatial-temporal single harmonic switching (STHS) transmitter array architecture with enhanced efficiency in the power backoff (PBO) region. STHS is an electromagnetic and circuit co-designed and jointly optimized transmitter array that realizes beamforming and back-off power generation at the same time. The temporal dimension is originally added in STHS to achieve back-off efficiency enhancement, which can be combined with conventional power back-off enhancement methods such as Doherty amplifiers and envelope tracking. The design is validated through a simulation of a two-stage power amplifier in 65-nm CMOS at 77 GHz, which achieves a peak drain efficiency (DE) of 24.2%, a 22% DE at 3-dB PBO, 16% DE at 6-dB PBO and 10.2% at 9-dB PBO. The efficiency exhibits a 57% improvement at 3-dB PBO, 100% improvement at 6-dB PBO, and 190% improvement at 9-dB PBO compared with class A/B amplifier.

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Pseudo-Doherty Load-Modulated Balanced Amplifier With Wide Bandwidth and Extended Power Back-Off Range

Cited by 98 publications

References 46 publications

Broadband RF-Input Continuous-Mode Load-Modulated Balanced Power Amplifier With Input Phase Adjustment

Broadband RF-Input Continuous-Mode Load-Modulated Balanced Power Amplifier With Input Phase Adjustment

A Compact Octave Tunable Switched-Power-Combining PA

mmWave Spatial-Temporal Single Harmonic Switching Transmitter Arrays for High back-off Beamforming Efficiency

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