Pseudo-dementia: A neuropsychological review

Kang, Hai; Zhao, Fengqing; You, Llbo; Giorgetta, Cinzia; Venkatesh, D; Sarkhel, Sujit; Prakash, Ravi

doi:10.4103/0972-2327.132613

Cited by 72 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Nondependent older adult patients who enter with depression seem to have a greater tendency to develop cognitive impairment and dementia than those who enter without depressive symptoms [22, 28, 30]. The comorbidity of pathologies associated with cognitive impairment is greater in the group of dependents, and depressive symptoms might go unnoticed in both groups when attributed to other coexisting processes [45, 107, 108]. The appearance of depressive symptoms might be the result of the side effects of drugs with a possible depressive capacity [45, 53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the term “pseudodementia” has been successful and is commonly used to refer to these cases, but we think it can be misleading. The difficulty in the diagnostic assessment of pseudodementia and pervasive developmental disorder is particularly evident in older adults because of the additional confusion created by age-related cognitive deficits [45]. A meta-analysis study conducted by Kang et al [45] addressed the important issue of diagnostic confusion between dementia and pseudodementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difficulty in the diagnostic assessment of pseudodementia and pervasive developmental disorder is particularly evident in older adults because of the additional confusion created by age-related cognitive deficits [45]. A meta-analysis study conducted by Kang et al [45] addressed the important issue of diagnostic confusion between dementia and pseudodementia. A clearer picture of this diagnostic dilemma was provided by Dufouil et al [46], who delineated four clinically important scenarios that complicate the differentiation between these two clinical states: (1) cognitive changes in older adults blur the distinction between normal aging and early signs of pervasive developmental disorder; (2) cognitive impairment frequently accompanies depression and can be severe enough to cause confusion between dementia and depression; (3) signs of some neurologic diseases associated with the progressive decline (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease [AD] and Parkinson’s disease [PD]) have symptoms that overlap with depression; (4) dementia and depression can coexist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Institutionalized Older Adults

Conde

Galán-López²

2020

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: In the last three decades, the relationship between depression and cognition in geriatric patients has been a popular topic among researchers and clinicians. Clinical and epidemiological research has focused on the identification of risk factors that could be modified in pre-dementia syndromes, at a preclinical and early clinical stage of dementia disorders, with specific attention to the role of depression. The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between depressive disorder and cognitive deterioration in institutionalized older adults. Methods: In this descriptive, correlational study, data were gathered from two nursing homes in the province of Jaen (Spain), from a random sample of 140 older adults (70 nondependent and 70 dependent). The variables were measured using comprehensive geriatric assessment, the Cambridge Cognitive Test (CAMCOG), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: Depression was correlated with cognitive level in the nondependent older adult sample (r =-0.471, p = 0.004). Age was inversely associated with the score obtained in the CAMCOG of the nondependent older adult sample (r =-0.352, p = 0.038). The functional capacity in several activities of daily living was correlated with the score obtained in the CAMCOG in each of the two groups. Depression was more prevalent in the dependent than in the nondependent older adults (82.85 vs. 57.14%). No association was observed between institutionalization time and the score obtained on the cognitive and affective scales (GDS and CAMCOG) in both groups (GDS-nondependent, r =-0.209, p = 0.234; CAMCOG-nondependent, r = 0.007, p = 0.967; GDS-dependent, r = 0.251, p = 0.152; CAMCOG-dependent, r =-0.021, p = 0.907). Conclusion: Depressive symptomatology is associated with cognitive deterioration. Depression is prevalent in institutions that care for older, more dependent adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Institutionalized Older Adults

Conde

Galán-López²

2020

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Most researchers have suggested that the memory deficits in depression represent general cognitive inefficiency and attention problems rather than a fundamental lack of ability due to structural deficits. This can be seen in the differences between depression and dementia patients as well as in the temporariness of these deficits in the clinical picture of depression [16]. Many features overlap between depression and dementia and often exist together in older population making it difficult to determine the primary diagnosis [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and construct validity of the Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ)

et al. 2016

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BackgroundEarly Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) was developed as a screening tool to detect patients with early dementia in primary care. It was developed based on 20 symptoms of dementia. From a preliminary study, EDQ had been shown to be a promising alternative for screening of early dementia. This study was done to further test on EDQ’s reliability and validity.MethodsUsing a systematic random sampling, 200 elderly patients attending primary health care centers in Kuching, Sarawak had consented to participate in the study and were administered the EDQ. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to exclude patients with depression. Those who scored >21 MMSE, were retested using the EDQ. Reliability was determined by Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (principle component with varimax rotation). Test retest Intraclass Correlation Coeeficient (ICC) was used to determine the reliability of the scale.ResultsThe result showed that the sensitivity and specificity for EDQ was 71.2% and 59.5%. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was good which was 0.874. Confirmatory factor analysis on 4 factors indicated that the Cronbach’s alpha for each domain were acceptable with memory (0.741), concentration (0.764), emotional and physical symptoms (0.754) and lastly sleep and environment (0.720). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient between the first EDQ score and the retest EDQ score among those with MMSE of >21 showed a very strong overall agreement, ICC = 0.764, N = 160, P <0.001.ConclusionsThe results of the validation study showed that Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) is a valid and reliable tool to be used as a screening tool to detect early dementia in primary care.

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“…We read the recent publication on Pseudo-dementia: A neuropsychological review and found it informative and very interesting. [ 1 ] Presence of depression in elderly could be part of dementia itself, and hence, it merits adequate clinical attention. It has been demonstrated that depression can adversely affect neuropsychological functions including attention and concentration, processing speed, and memory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%