Pseudarthrosis of the Spine

Raizman, Noah; O’Brien, Joseph R.; Poehling-Monaghan, Kirsten L.; Yu, Warren

doi:10.5435/00124635-200908000-00003

Cited by 160 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Static radiographs have not been useful for determining fusion status, but dynamic flexion-extension radiographs traditionally have been widely used for assessing motion because the modality is easy to reproduce, is affordable in clinical settings, and is a reasonable screening tool to detect pseudarthrosis 1,3,9 . Unfortunately, the measurement of motion on dynamic radiographs can be inaccurate and affected by the voluntary effort of the patient [10][11][12] , giving rise to questions regarding the amount of motion on dynamic radiographs that is compatible with pseudarthrosis 1,3 . Many reports [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have described radiographic parameters indistinctly, including the degree of magnification used and how it was determined whether the dynamic motion on radiographs was inadequate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…However, some patients with pseudarthrosis may have minor or no symptoms, and we are aware of no diagnostic radiographic tool with 100% accuracy [1][2][3][4] . As fusion rates may be overestimated, clinical suspicion is important for detecting pseudarthrosis 3,5 . Surgical exploration generally remains the standard method for defining fusion status 1,[6][7][8] ; however, careful exploration is necessary, especially anteriorly, as there may be a thin veneer of what appears to be contiguous bone overlying a pseudarthrosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Surgical exploration generally remains the standard method for defining fusion status 1,[6][7][8] ; however, careful exploration is necessary, especially anteriorly, as there may be a thin veneer of what appears to be contiguous bone overlying a pseudarthrosis. Among various radiographic tools, computed tomography (CT) has been commonly considered the most reliable radiographic modality to assess fusion status [1][2][3]6 . Static radiographs have not been useful for determining fusion status, but dynamic flexion-extension radiographs traditionally have been widely used for assessing motion because the modality is easy to reproduce, is affordable in clinical settings, and is a reasonable screening tool to detect pseudarthrosis 1,3,9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among various radiographic tools, computed tomography (CT) has been commonly considered the most reliable radiographic modality to assess fusion status [1][2][3]6 . Static radiographs have not been useful for determining fusion status, but dynamic flexion-extension radiographs traditionally have been widely used for assessing motion because the modality is easy to reproduce, is affordable in clinical settings, and is a reasonable screening tool to detect pseudarthrosis 1,3,9 . Unfortunately, the measurement of motion on dynamic radiographs can be inaccurate and affected by the voluntary effort of the patient [10][11][12] , giving rise to questions regarding the amount of motion on dynamic radiographs that is compatible with pseudarthrosis 1,3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Dynamic Radiographic Criteria for Detecting Pseudarthrosis Following Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis

Song

Piyaskulkaew

Chuntarapas

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dynamic Radiographic Criteria for Detecting Pseudarthrosis Following Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis

Song

Piyaskulkaew

Chuntarapas

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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LIM Mineralization Protein-1 Enhances Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2–Mediated Osteogenesis Through Activation of ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway and Upregulation of Runx2 Transactivity

Pan

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) is an intracellular regulator of bone formation. Upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and stabilization of BMP/Smad signaling have been proven to be the key mechanisms through which LMP-1 enhances osteogenesis. However, how LMP-1 regulates BMPs expression and related bone formation remains unclear. In this study, a LMP-1-induced osteogenesis cell model was used to study the molecular action of LMP-1 on BMP-2 expression and bone formation. The results show that overexpression of LMP-1 significantly increases, whereas downregulation of endogenous LMP-1 decreases BMP-2 expression and bone formation. Antagonism of BMP-2 with noggin or short hairpin BMP-2 significantly attenuates the osteoinductive effect of LMP-1, suggesting that the osteoinductive effect of LMP-1 is mediated by BMP-2. LMP-1 regulation of BMP-2 is found to occur at the transcription level using a luciferase reporter assay with a reporter construct containing a BMP-2 promoter. A promoter deletion assay reveals that -1000/-500 bp is the key regulated region by LMP-1. A Runx2-binding site is then located at -934/-920 bp and confirmed by luciferase assay using a reporter construct containing repeats of this Runx2-binding site and the sitedirected mutagenesis analysis. Overexpression of LMP-1 significantly increases Runx2 expression. Downregulation of Runx2 expression significantly decreases BMP-2 promoter activity and BMP-2 expression. A ChIP assay demonstrates that LMP-1 increases the interaction between Runx2 and BMP-2 promoter. A luciferase reporter assay using the OSE2 promoter containing a Runx2-binding site confirms that Runx2 transactivity can be upregulated by LMP-1. Moreover, inhibiting the activation of different pathways with specific pathway inhibitors reveals that ERK1/2 MAPK activation is essential for LMP-1-induced upregulation of Runx2 transactivity and subsequent BMP-2 expression. In conclusion, our novel findings describe a positive regulatory effect of LMP-1 on BMP-2 expression and BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis. This effect occurs through activation of ERK1/2 pathway and subsequent upregulation of Runx2 transactivity.

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Growth Factors, Carrier Materials, and Bone Repair

Hsu

Stock

2020

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

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Pseudarthrosis of the Spine

Cited by 160 publications

References 51 publications

Dynamic Radiographic Criteria for Detecting Pseudarthrosis Following Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis

Dynamic Radiographic Criteria for Detecting Pseudarthrosis Following Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis

LIM Mineralization Protein-1 Enhances Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2–Mediated Osteogenesis Through Activation of ERK1/2 MAPK Pathway and Upregulation of Runx2 Transactivity

Growth Factors, Carrier Materials, and Bone Repair

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