Pseudaphelenchus yukiae n. gen., n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) associated with Cylindrotermes macrognathus (Termitidae: Termitinae) in La Selva, Costa Rica

Kanzaki, Natsumi; Giblin-Davis, Robin M.; Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.; Davies, Kerrie A.

doi:10.1163/156854109x428034

Cited by 39 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The 19 tentatively recognized genera were separated into free-living fungal feeder ( Pseudaphelenchus ), entomopathogen ( Steinernema ), insect parasite (Tylenchid parasite) and free-living bacteria feeders ( Poikilolaimus , Rhabditis , Oscheius , Halicephalobus , Oigolaimella , Bunonema , Cruznema and Rhabd1) [22] , [23] . However, the feeding resources for the other eight genera, Aphel1-3, Diplo1-4 and Panagrolaimomorpha were not specified or clearly delineated because of low taxonomic resolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present and previous studies, we demonstrated that a MOTU/morphology survey (reverse taxonomy) followed by re-isolation and culturing attempts improved the efficiency of identification and led to the discovery of new species and genera to science and improved the resolution of the database for future work [21] , [22] , [39] . Thus, we consider that the reverse taxonomy method effectively works for the biodiversity survey of nematodes that are culturable, as well as other poorly studied microscopic organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pristionchus and Mononchoides ) [27] – [32] . Further, their biological characters are not always correlated with their phylogenetic relationship within the family [22] , [25] – [32] . Therefore, the identification at the family or higher rank does not provide sufficient information to evaluate their functional diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the above case, culture-based morphological identification helped identify, one of the unknown diplogastrids as the bacterial-feeding free-living genus Oigolaimella [38] , and one of the unknown aphelenchs as a new mycophagous free-living genus which was successfully described by the authors in previous papers as Pseudaphelenchus [22] , [39] . These identifications enabled us to increase our understanding of their biological traits and potential ecological roles and interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted using all obtained MOTUs and SSU sequences used in the previous studies [21] , [22] , [38] , [44] , [45] to construct a phylogenetic tree. The sequences compared were selected based upon the result of a GenBank homology search.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reverse Taxonomy for Elucidating Diversity of Insect-Associated Nematodes: A Case Study with Termites

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) has recently been applied to microbial and microscopic animal biodiversity surveys. However, in many cases, some of the MOTUs cannot be definitively tied to any of the taxonomic groups in current databases. To surmount these limitations, the concept of “reverse taxonomy” has been proposed, i.e. to primarily list the MOTUs with morphological information, and then identify and/or describe them at genus/species level using subsamples or by re-isolating the target organisms. Nevertheless, the application of “reverse taxonomy” has not been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, the practical applicability of “reverse taxonomy” is tested using termite-associated nematodes as a model system for phoretic/parasitic organisms which have high habitat specificity and a potential handle (their termite host species) for re-isolation attempts.MethodologyForty-eight species (from 298 colonies) of termites collected from the American tropics and subtropics were examined for their nematode associates using the reverse taxonomy method and culturing attempts (morphological identification and further sequencing efforts). The survey yielded 51 sequence types ( = MOTUs) belonging to 19 tentatively identified genera. Within these, four were identified based on molecular data with preliminary morphological observation, and an additional seven were identified or characterized from successful culturing, leaving eight genera unidentified.ConclusionsThat 1/3 of the genera were not successfully identified suggests deficiencies in the depth of available sequences in the database and biological characters, i.e. usually isolated as phoretic/parasitic stages which are not available for morphological identification, and too many undiscovered lineages of nematodes. Although there still is the issue of culturability of nematodes, culturing attempts could help to make reverse taxonomy methods more effective. However, expansion of the database, i.e., production of more DNA barcodes tied to biological information by finding and characterizing additional new and known lineages, is necessary for analyzing functional diversity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%