Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium complex species: From saprobic to pathogenic fungus

Luplertlop, Natthanej

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.015

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…(G. capitatum, G. eumorphum, and G. penicillioides) were considered to be synanomorphs of P. boydii (Rainer et al, 2006), with S. apiospermum then shown to be a species distinct from P. boydii (Gilgado et al, 2008), challenging previous doctrine that this fungus was the asexual or anamorphic state of P. boydii. Currently, Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium are regarded as a composite of species, the Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium complex (PSC) (Luplertlop, 2018), with the genus Scedosporium now comprising S. aurantiacum, S. desertorum, S. minutisporum, S. cereisporum, and S. dehoogii, in addition to the S. apiospermum complex consisting of S. angustum, S. apiospermum, S. boydii, S. ellipsoidea, and S. fusoideum (Ramirez-Garcia et al, 2018).…”

Section: Pseudallescheria/scedosporium Species Complex and Lomentospora Prolificansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

Thornton

2020

Advances in Applied Microbiology

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Fungi are an important but frequently overlooked cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Life-threatening fungal infections mainly occur in immunocompromised patients, and are typically caused by environmental opportunists that take advantage of a weakened immune system. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important and well-documented mould pathogen of humans, causing a number of complex respiratory diseases, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, an often fatal disease in patients with acute leukemia or in immunosuppressed bone marrow or solid organ transplant recipients. However, non-Aspergillus moulds are increasingly reported as agents of disseminated diseases, with Fusarium, Scedosporium, Lomentospora and mucormycete species now firmly established as pathogens of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. Despite well-documented risk factors for invasive fungal diseases, and increased awareness of the risk factors for life-threatening infections, the number of deaths attributable to moulds is likely to be severely underestimated driven, to a large extent, by the lack of readily accessible, cheap, and accurate tests that allow detection and differentiation of infecting species. Early diagnosis is critical to patient survival but, unlike Aspergillus diseases, where a number of CE-marked or FDA-approved biomarker tests are now available for clinical diagnosis, similar tests for fusariosis, scedosporiosis and mucormycosis remain experimental, with detection reliant on insensitive and slow culture of pathogens from invasive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tissue biopsy, or from blood. This review examines the ecology, epidemiology, and contemporary methods of detection of these mould pathogens, and the obstacles to diagnostic test development and translation of novel biomarkers to the clinical setting.

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Section: Pseudallescheria/scedosporium Species Complex and Lomentospora Prolificansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

Thornton

2020

Advances in Applied Microbiology

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“…In this context, Scedosporium and Lomentospora species constitute a relevant group of filamentous fungi that cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, being considered emergent pathogens since its incidence increased in the last decades in Europe, America, Asia, and Oceania [ 3 , 4 ]. Scedosporiosis and lomentosporiosis are usually associated with organ transplant recipients, near-drowning people, and HIV/AIDS patients, in which invasive infections can be observed [ 5 ]. In addition, they are the second most frequent cause of pulmonary fungal infections in cystic fibrosis patients [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Promising Antifungal Drugs against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species after Screening of Pathogen Box Library

Rollin-Pinheiro

Borba-Santos

Xisto

et al. 2021

JoF

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Fungal infections have been increasing during the last decades. Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are filamentous fungi most associated to those infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Considering the limited options of treatment and the emergence of resistant isolates, an increasing concern motivates the development of new therapeutic alternatives. In this context, the present study screened the Pathogen Box library to identify compounds with antifungal activity against Scedosporium and Lomentospora. Using antifungal susceptibility tests, biofilm analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and synergism assay, auranofin and iodoquinol were found to present promising repurposing applications. Both compounds were active against different Scedosporium and Lomentospora, including planktonic cells and biofilm. SEM revealed morphological alterations and synergism analysis showed that both drugs present positive interactions with voriconazole, fluconazole, and caspofungin. These data suggest that auranofin and iodoquinol are promising compounds to be studied as repurposing approaches against scedosporiosis and lomentosporiosis.

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“…Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are ubiquitous filamentous fungi known to be emergent pathogens that cause localised to disseminated infections with a broad range of clinical manifestations. Immunocompromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients, HIV/ AIDS patients and cystic fibrosis patients, are at greater risk of developing invasive infections with high mortality rates (Cortez et al, 2008;Luplertlop, 2018;Engel et al, 2019). In patients with cystic fibrosis, Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are frequently associated with colonisation of the lungs and are considered the second most frequent fungi that cause infection after Aspergillus species (Engel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miltefosine Against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species: Antifungal Activity and Its Effects on Fungal Cells

Rollin-Pinheiro

Almeida

Rochetti

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are filamentous fungi responsible for a wide range of infections in humans and are frequently associated with cystic fibrosis and immunocompromising conditions. Because they are usually resistant to many antifungal drugs available in clinical settings, studies of alternative targets in fungal cells and therapeutic approaches are necessary. In the present work, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of miltefosine against Scedosporium and Lomentospora species and how this phospholipid analogue affects the fungal cell. Miltefosine inhibited different Scedosporium and Lomentospora species at 2–4 µg/ml and reduced biofilm formation. The loss of membrane integrity in Scedosporium aurantiacum caused by miltefosine was demonstrated by leakage of intracellular components and lipid raft disorganisation. The exogenous addition of glucosylceramide decreased the inhibitory activity of miltefosine. Reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial activity were also affected by miltefosine, as well as the susceptibility to fluconazole, caspofungin and myoricin. The data obtained in the present study contribute to clarify the dynamics of the interaction between miltefosine and Scedosporium and Lomentospora cells, highlighting its potential use as new antifungal drug in the future.

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Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium complex species: From saprobic to pathogenic fungus

Cited by 38 publications

References 69 publications

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

Detection of the ‘Big Five’ mold killers of humans: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lomentospora, Scedosporium and Mucormycetes

Identification of Promising Antifungal Drugs against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species after Screening of Pathogen Box Library

Miltefosine Against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species: Antifungal Activity and Its Effects on Fungal Cells

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