PSA y hK2 en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata

Abstract

RESUMENPSA Y hK2 EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE CÁNCER DE PRÓSTATA Los marcadores séricos de cáncer de próstata son ampliamente usados para la detección precoz de este cáncer, estadiaje tumoral y para la monitorización tras tratamiento curativo o paliativo. Desde su descubrimiento en 1979, el PSA ha sido el marcador de cáncer de próstata más importante. Sin embargo, el PSA de forma aislada no presenta una especificidad y sensibilidad adecuadas como para considerarlo un test idóneo en la detección precoz de cáncer de próstata. Para aumentar la especificidad se han desarrollado los conceptos de velocidad de PSA, PSA-edad, densidad de PSA y las formas moleculares de PSA, sobre todo en pacientes que no presentan cifras de PSA muy elevadas. La hK2, una calicreína glandular humana muy parecida al PSA y que también se expresa predominantemente en la próstata, es otro nuevo marcador séri-co de cáncer próstata. En esta revisión valoramos el papel del PSA y la hK2 en el diagnóstico precoz de cán-cer de próstata.Palabras clave: Cáncer próstata. PSA. hK2. ABSTRACTPSA AND hK2 IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER Serum markers for prostate carcinoma are widely applied for the purpose of early detection of cancer and the differentiation between benign and malignant disease, for the pre-treatment staging of detected prostatic cancers, and for the monitoring of prostate cancer after curative or palliative therapies. Since its discovery in 1979, serum PSA has been the most powerful marker of prostate cancer, but, when used alone, PSA is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to consider it an ideal tool for the early detection or staging of prostate cancer. To optimize the use of PSA, the concepts of PSA velocity, PSA density, and age-related PSA values were developed. Moreover, the molecular forms of PSA, especially the percentage of free PSA, seem to be useful tools for the detection of prostate cancer in men with slightly elevated total PSA. Human kallikrein 2 (hK2), a serine protease closely related to PSA that also is expressed predominantly in the prostate, is a new complementary marker to PSA for early detection of prostate cancer. In this review, we examine PSA testing and its effectiveness in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Further, we also evaluate recent literature regarding the use of hk2.

Reprogramming of glucose metabolism: Metabolic alterations in the progression of osteosarcoma

“…HK2 can promote glucose metabolism to meet the energy needs of tumour cells, inhibit the accumulation of ROS and Ca 2+ in mitochondria, and increase the adaptability and survival of tumour cells [27] . Research has shown that HK2 is upregulated in various tumours and is involved in the occurrence and development of tumours (cervical cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer) [28] , [29] , [30] . Sun et al [31] found that miR-615 was downregulated in OS tissue, and HK2 was a direct target of miR-615, with a negative correlation between the expression of the two.…”