PSA y hK2 en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata

Abstract

Serum markers for prostate carcinoma are widely applied for the purpose of early detection of cancer and the differentiation between benign and malignant disease, for the pre-treatment staging of detected prostatic cancers, and for the monitoring of prostate cancer after curative or palliative therapies. Since its discovery in 1979, serum PSA has been the most powerful marker of prostate cancer, but, when used alone, PSA is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to consider it an ideal tool for the early detection or staging of prostate cancer. To optimize the use of PSA, the concepts of PSA velocity, PSA density, and age-related PSA values were developed. Moreover, the molecular forms of PSA, especially the percentage of free PSA, seem to be useful tools for the detection of prostate cancer in men with slightly elevated total PSA. Human kallikrein 2 (hK2), a serine protease closely related to PSA that also is expressed predominantly in the prostate, is a new complementary marker to PSA for early detection of prostate cancer. In this review, we examine PSA testing and its effectiveness in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Further, we also evaluate recent literature regarding the use of hk2.

Genetic association study of a single nucleotide polymorphism of kallikrein-related peptidase 2 with male infertility

“…KLK2 is a highly prostate-specific serine protease (hK2), which is mainly excreted into the seminal fluid, but part of which is also secreted into circulation from prostatic tumors and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue [12-14]. Specifically, hK2 has an 80% identity in primary structure with PSA (hK3), and both proteins have high transcripts, particularly in the prostate [15].…”

Comparison of the Effect of Intra-Rectal Administration of Lidocaine Gel and Lidocaine Plus Fentanyl on Pain Reduction in Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Early detection of this cancer is the most important step in treatment (3). PSA test is the first step in screening (4); however, the prostate biopsy (under the guidance of ultrasound through the rectum) is the most sensitive diagnostic procedure that urologists do in the next stage. During a biopsy, attention to the prevention of pain is important; so, three common methods are generally used: (1) General anesthesia, (2) topical anesthesia by injection, and (3) topical anesthesia by the gel.…”