Prussian Blue Analogs for Rechargeable Batteries

Abstract

SummaryNon-lithium energy storage devices, especially sodium ion batteries, are drawing attention due to insufficient and uneven distribution of lithium resources. Prussian blue and its analogs (Prussian blue analogs [PBAs]), or hexacyanoferrates, are well-known since the 18th century and have been used for hydrogen storage, cancer therapy, biosensing, seawater desalination, and sewage treatment. Owing to their unique features, PBAs are receiving increasing interest in the field of energy storage, such as their high theoretical specific capacity, ease of synthesis, as well as low cost. In this review, a general summary and evaluation of the applications of PBAs for rechargeable batteries are given. After a brief review of the history of PBAs, their crystal structure, nomenclature, synthesis, and working principle in rechargeable batteries are discussed. Then, previous works classified based on the combination of insertion cations and transition metals are analyzed comprehensively. The review includes an outlook toward the further development of PBAs in electrochemical energy storage.

Electrochemical Analysis of the Mechanism of Potassium‐Ion Insertion into K‐rich Prussian Blue Materials

“…Prussian blue (ferric(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)), as well as, its substitutional and interstitial modifications (Prussian blue analogues, PBAs) have been gaining significant attention as candidates for beyond lithium ion insertion cathode materials . Spacious cavities inside the PB structure allow for the reversible (de)insertion of monovalent ions such as sodium and potassium ions, which, in some cases, is accompanied by the structural transformation of pristine PBA .…”

Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: toward High‐Power Applications

“…Figure d shows the replacement of iron by nickel and cobalt in PB structure and the consequent impact changes in their electrochemical performances. Enhanced cycle stability and increased working potential were obtained via nickel and cobalt substitution, respectively . It is noteworthy that PBAs could be extended into aqueous battery and high power could be attained as well.…”

“…d) Electrochemical performance modifications of PBAs through elemental variation in high‐spin sites. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Cell Press.…”

Advances in Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

“…To mitigate these issues and reduce our dependence on fossil fuel, alternative energy technologies based on clean and sustainable energy sources need to be developed, such as solar and wind powers (Seh et al., 2016, Manthiram et al., 2014). However, there exist intrinsic weaknesses for solar and wind powers, such as intermittency and out of control, which lead to significant challenges in efficient and economical electrical energy storage (EES) systems (Wang et al., 2018, Manthiram et al., 2015). Rechargeable battery systems such as nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have ruled over the electronic market for over a century and are the most viable option for EES (Mahmood et al., 2013, Rehman et al., 2017, Armand and Tarascon, 2008, Chen et al., 2018).…”