Pruning after flooding hastens recovery of flood-stressed avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees

Sanclemente, Maria Angélica; Schaffer, Bruce; Gil, Pilar M.; Vargas, Ana I.; Davies, Frederick S.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.034

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This strategy produces a rapid response under this condition (advanced state of the disease), as a direct consequence of the compensation of the root system for the aerial part (Sanclemente et al, 2014), which induces the production of new roots and foliar buds ( Figure 6A). At the moment this occurs, the application of other management practices should be initiated (Ramírez et al, 2017b), since if this is not done, the pruning by itself is not sufficient to control P. cinnamomi ( Figure 6B).…”

Section: Rapid and Precise Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In preliminary studies it has been reported that the inoculation of beneficial microorganism in seedlings can increase root production, a mechanism that can improve plant adaptation to adverse conditions such as sudden climatic changes and attacks by soil pathogens (Ramirez-Gil et al, 2014b). Additionally, it is believed that excess moisture in soil provokes biochemical changes in plants, amongst them an increase in the production of ethylene, resulting in progressive decay and eventual death (Sanclemente et al, 2014;Stolzy et al, 1967). This phenomena can be reversed with microorganisms, including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which can suppress the route of the ethylene, thanks to the inhibition of aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), one of the precursor enzymes for this phytohormone (Arshad et al, 2008;Glick et al, 2007).…”

Section: Prospects For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Avocado wilt complex disease, implications and management in Colombia

Ramírez‐Gil

2018

Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín

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The avocado crop is widely grown in Colombia, especially the commercial variety called Hass. This accelerated cultivation of avocado has not been properly planned locally, but influenced by external recommendations, which in many cases are not applicable to the local conditions in Colombia. This situation has led to the failure of many avocado crops, which are faced with serious technological lags, inducing low sustainable levels. Amongst the most serious limitations is the avocado wilt complex (AWC). This term is used to describe a multi-complex diseases associated with different causal agents, which can be of biotic and abiotic origins, and can affect roots and stem of avocado plants in all stages of development, causing similar aerial symptoms. The objective of this study was to describe the AWC and its implications in Colombia, emphasizing essential aspects such as symptomology, causal agents, incidence, distribution, economic impact, associated problems, factors predisposing, management practices, technology of information, and future scenarios. The information described in this manuscript is part of multiple research developed in the field, greenhouse and laboratory by the author for more than 8 years, in addition to the literature reported in Colombia in the different topics described above. This study should serve as a fundamental basis for understanding the impact of AWC and give the basic information for a correct management technically and scientifically.El cultivo de aguacate en Colombia viene creciendo en los últimos, especialmente variedades comerciales como el Hass. La acelerada siembra de aguacate ha carecido de una planificación adecuada y se ha desarrollado bajo recomendaciones técnicas externas, las cuales en muchas circunstancias carecen de aplicabilidad para las condiciones del país. Esta situación ha conducido al fracaso de muchas explotaciones, donde existen fuertes rezagos tecnológicos que evitan que este sistema productivo sea sostenible. Dentro de los mayores limitantes se encuentra el complejo marchitez del aguacate (CMA), termino definido para múltiples patologías asociadas a distintos agentes causales, los cuales pueden ser de origen biótico o abiótico, que afectan el sistema de raíces y la base del tallo de plantas de aguacate en todos los estados de desarrollo, induciendo síntomas de expresión similares en la parte aérea. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una descripción del CMA en Colombia, realizando énfasis en aspectos básicos como sintomatología, agentes causales implicados, incidencia, distribución, importancia económica, problemática asociada, factores determinantes, prácticas de manejo, uso de tecnologías de la información y escenarios futuros. La información que se describe hace parte de múltiples ensayos investigativos desarrollados en campo, invernadero y laboratorio por el autor por un periodo de tiempo de más de 8 años, además de la literatura reportada para Colombia en los distintos tópicos descritos anteriormente. Este trabajo se convierte en la base fundamenta...

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Section: Rapid and Precise Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospects For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Avocado wilt complex disease, implications and management in Colombia

Ramírez‐Gil

2018

Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín

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“…Under hypoxia stress, it has been observed that the gas exchange parameters are dramatically affected in several fruit trees, such as avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) [ 33 ], kiwi fruits ( Actinidia chinensis Planch) [ 34 ], citrus trees [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], pecans ( Carya illinoensis K. Koch) [ 39 ], walnut trees ( Juglans regia L.) [ 40 ], grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) [ 41 , 42 ], pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) [ 43 ], apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh) [ 44 ] and several Prunus species [ 7 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. In general, all these tree species were classified as sensitive to root hypoxia.…”

Section: Fruit Tree Responses To O 2 Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Keep Calm and Survive: Adaptation Strategies to Energy Crisis in Fruit Trees under Root Hypoxia

Salvatierra¹,

Toro²,

Mateluna³

et al. 2020

Plants

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Plants are permanently facing challenges imposed by the environment which, in the context of the current scenario of global climate change, implies a constant process of adaptation to survive and even, in the case of crops, at least maintain yield. O2 deficiency at the rhizosphere level, i.e., root hypoxia, is one of the factors with the greatest impact at whole-plant level. At cellular level, this O2 deficiency provokes a disturbance in the energy metabolism which has notable consequences on the yield of plant crops. In this sense, although several physiological studies describe processes involved in plant adaptation to root hypoxia in woody fruit trees, with emphasis on the negative impacts on photosynthetic rate, there are very few studies that include -omics strategies for specifically understanding these processes in the roots of such species. Through a de novo assembly approach, a comparative transcriptome study of waterlogged Prunus spp. genotypes contrasting in their tolerance to root hypoxia was revisited in order to gain a deeper insight into the reconfiguration of pivotal pathways involved in energy metabolism. This re-analysis describes the classically altered pathways seen in the roots of woody fruit trees under hypoxia, but also routes that link them to pathways involved with nitrogen assimilation and the maintenance of cytoplasmic pH and glycolytic flow. In addition, the effects of root hypoxia on the transcription of genes related to the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, responsible for providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the cell, are discussed in terms of their roles in the energy balance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and aerenchyma formation. This review compiles key findings that help to explain the trait of tolerance to root hypoxia in woody fruit species, giving special attention to their strategies for managing the energy crisis. Finally, research challenges addressing less-explored topics in recovery and stress memory in woody fruit trees are pointed out.

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“…has been less studied, but has been increasingly recognized as important because of problems of root rot associated with the disorder hypoxia-anoxia, especially under tropical conditions in Colombia (Ramírez-Gil et al, 2017;Rodríguez et al, 2017;Ramírez-Gil, 2018;Ramírez-Gil and Morales-Osorio, 2019). Hypoxia-anoxia is not only considered a disorder that causes the death of avocado plants, but it can also be a stress factor that is highly related to the presence of P. cinnamomic (Stolzy et al, 1967;Ploetz and Schaffer, 1989;Sanclemente et al, 2014;. This disorder is associated with soil moisture, which reduces the gas content in the porous space of the soil volume (Stolzy et al, 1967;Sanclemente et al, 2014;Ramírez-Gil and Morales-Osorio, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of severity scales of avocado wilt complex caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, Verticillium dahliae and hypoxia-anoxia disorder and their physiological responses in avocado plants

Ramírez‐Gil

Osorio

2020

Agron. colomb.

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Avocado wilt complex (AWC) is the most important disease in this crop. AWC may be caused by different causal agents that induce similar symptoms. Accurate scales of disease development (SDD) and physiological changes may be of special importance for the diagnosis and management of AWC. The objective of this work was to design and calibrate a specific SDD for the most common causal agents associated with AWC in Colombia,Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, and the hypoxia-anoxia disorder in both seedlings in net house and adult plants under field conditions. Furthermore, physiological responses to infection were determined. The disease was monitored under field and net house conditions. Shoot symptoms were recorded and quantification of inoculumin infected soil and tissue was performed. The visual scale was described based on external symptoms and calibrated with the inocula values by regression analysis. In the net house, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were measured during the different stages of disease development. The three causal agents induced a progressive reduction of net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. The designed scales can be a valuable tool for epidemiological useand support in the diagnosis and management of AWC.

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Pruning after flooding hastens recovery of flood-stressed avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Avocado wilt complex disease, implications and management in Colombia

Avocado wilt complex disease, implications and management in Colombia

Keep Calm and Survive: Adaptation Strategies to Energy Crisis in Fruit Trees under Root Hypoxia

Development and validation of severity scales of avocado wilt complex caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, Verticillium dahliae and hypoxia-anoxia disorder and their physiological responses in avocado plants

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