“…This lower nose temperature has been related to stress and increased sympathetic activity. However, in other studies, high arousal has been associated with increased nose temperature also in the case of negative emotions, lie detection, mental effort, crying, ostracism, or direct gaze (Ioannou, Morris, Baker, & Gallese, 2016;Ioannou, Morris, et al, 2014;Panasiti et al, 2016;Paolini, Alparone, Cardone, van Beest, & Merla, 2016). Different authors frequently related this thermal effect (the augmented nose temperature) to a complex autonomic interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems or to residual effects probably due to a withdrawal of the sympathetic alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction effect (Ebisch et al, 2012;Ioannou et al, 2016;Moliné et al, 2017;Tyler et al, 2015).…”