Proximate, Mineral and Antinutrient Contents of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) from Ethiopia

Abstract

Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is an important food crop especially in the tropics and subtropics. Its cormels and leaves are eaten after cooking in the rural areas in Ethiopia. There is lack of information on the nutritional composition of cocoyam grown in the country. In this study, cormels of green- and purple- cocoyams were analyzed to determine proximate and mineral contents and antinutritional factors. The moisture contents (%) of green- and purple-cocoyams were 61.91 and 63.53, respectively. Crude protein (10.10%) and fiber (2.66%) contents of purple cocoyam were significantly higher than crude protein (8.48%) and fiber (2.14%) contents of green cocoyam. Fat contents (%) of the green- and purple cocoyam were 0.85 and 0.22, respectively. Ash content of green cocoyam (3.25%) was significantly higher than the ash content of purple cocoyam (2.27%). The carbohydrate contents (%) and gross energy values (kcal/100 g) of green- and purple-cocoyam, respectively, were 85.36 and 378.47 and 84.76 and 380.27, showing that cocoyam grown in Ethiopia can be a good source of energy. Mineral contents (mg/100 g) of green cocoyam were determined as Fe (8.20), Zn (3.07), Cu (1.04), Mg (78.77), Mn (2.48), P (120.93), Na (29.22), K (1085.70) and Ca (56.57) while purple cocoyam had Fe (9.88), Zn (3.12), Cu (1.14), Mg (82.00), Mn (3.74), P (129.87), Na (24.33), K (1223.30) and Ca (44.90). High antinutritional factors (phytate and tannin) (mg/100 g) were determined from both green- and purple-cocoyam genotypes with significantly higher quantities in purple cocoyam (187.57 phytate and 156.1 tannin) than the green cocoyam (167.76 phytate and 139.62 tannin). This study provided important information about the nutritional composition of cocoyam from Ethiopia, which can help to develop cocoyam food products and to promote production and utilization of cocoyam by encouraging its sustainable use. More detailed analyses including processing and sensory testing are suggested for further investigation in order to obtain healthful and comfortable cocoyam products.

Performance of laying hens fed graded levels of dried yellow cocoyam corm meal (<I>Xanthosoma sagittifolium</I>) as partial replacement for maize

“…Xanthosoma sagittifolium is very nutritious and highly productive and yet it's corms and cormels are being under utilized as energy feed resources (Onu et al, 2006, Owusu-Darko et al, 2014, Eyasu et al, 2019.…”

“…Cocoyam corms contains anti-nutritional factors such as tannins, hydrocyanid, oxalates, antitrypsin inhibitor (Okereke, 2012;Hand and Binh, 2013). The anti-nutritional factors in the cocoyam corms could be removed through drying, fermentation, cooking and toasting to make the product safe for human and livestock consumption (Ndimantang et al, 2006, Eyasu et al, 2019. Ndimantang et al (2006), Aboubakar et al (2008), Akinmutimi et al 2006), Chandra Subhash et al (2012 observed that Xanthosoma sagittifolium corm meal proved to serve as good food for both man and livestock with its appreciable nutritional profile and higher productivity.…”

Evaluation of Proximate, Sugars and Mineral Compositions of 48 Yam (Dioscorea Rotundata) Cultivars used as Parents in a Breeding Program in Republic of Benin

“…Mineral composition was determined in each diluted ash using spectrophotometry and titrimetry methods following Wada et al, (2019). Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P) and iodine (I) were determined by molecular Absorption using DR 2800 spectrophotometer, while Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were determined by titrimetry using the Digital burette and EDTA method (Tegegne et al, 2020).…”

Egg quality characteristics of layer hens fed varying levels of yellow cocoyam corm meal (<i>Xanthosoma sagittifolium</i>) as energy source

“…It also contains other anti-nutritional and toxic properties such as phytate and tannin which cause health hazard for humans and poultry if not well processed (Sefa-Dedeh and Agyir-Sackey, 2004). Eyasu et al (2019), in a study with Xanthosoma sagittifolium, observed that the proximate, mineral and anti-nutrients content of the green and purple varieties of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott were as follows, 61.91 and 63.53% moisture contents, crude protein (10.10%) and (8.48%), fibre, 2.66% and 2.14%, fat contents 0.85 and 0.22% respectively for green and purple varieties of Xanthosoma sagittifolium respectively. However, they also observed carbohydrate and gross energy values (Kcal/100g) of green and purple Xanthosoma sagittifolium to be 85.36% and 378.47Kcal/100g and 84.76% and 380.27Kcal/100g, ash contents, 3.25 and 2.27% respectively.…”

“…However, they also observed carbohydrate and gross energy values (Kcal/100g) of green and purple Xanthosoma sagittifolium to be 85.36% and 378.47Kcal/100g and 84.76% and 380.27Kcal/100g, ash contents, 3.25 and 2.27% respectively. Eyasu et al (2019), also observed that aroids are group with the neglected and under-utilized crops which over the years have received little research attention. However, they are important tuberous root crops that play significant role in the livelihood of millions of relatively poor people in developing countries.…”