Proximate composition, phytochemical analysis, and in vitro antioxidant potentials of extracts of Annona muricata (Soursop)

Abstract

Numerous bioactive compounds and phytochemicals have been reported to be present Annona muricata (Soursop). Some of these chemical compounds have been linked to the ethnomedicinal properties of the plant and its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to assess the proximate composition, phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant properties of A. muricata using standard biochemical procedures. The defatted Annona muricata crude methanolic extracts of the different parts of the plant were used for the estimation of proximate composition and phytochemical screening. The crude methanolic extracts of the different parts of the plant were also fractionated using solvent–solvent partitioning. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and methanol‐water (90:10) were the solvents used for the fractionation. The different fractions obtained were then used to perform in vitro antioxidant analyses including, 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, ferric reducing properties, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. The leaf methanolic extract had a higher lipid content, whereas its chloroform fraction demonstrated a better ability to quench DPPH free radical. The root‐bark methanol‐water, leaf methanol, fruit pulp chloroform, and leaf petroleum ether fractions demonstrated potent ferric reducing properties. The leaf and stem‐bark petroleum ether fractions demonstrated better hydroxyl‐free radical scavenging abilities. The leaf and fruit pulp of Annona muricata have a very potent antioxidant ability compared to the other parts of the plant. This can be associated with the rich phytochemicals and other phytoconstituents like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential lipids, etc. Significant correlations were observed between the antioxidant status and phytochemicals present. These results thus suggest that some of the reported ethnomedicinal properties of this plant could be due to its antioxidant potentials.

Assessment of chemical, nutritional and bioactive properties of Annona crassiflora and Annona muricata wastes

“…Marolo seeds are more proteic than soursop seeds, once they presented 27% more protein, and approximately twice more protein than its own pulp, as reported by Agu & Dkolie (2017). Roesler et al (2007) reported protein content of 139.2 g kg -1 (d.b.…”

Antioxidant Properties and Protective Effects of Some Species of the Annonaceae, Lamiaceae, and Geraniaceae Families against Neuronal Damage Induced by Excitotoxicity and Cerebral Ischemia

“…In our study, all the extracts tested exposed a significant OH• scavenging activity with an IC 50 ranging from 98.96 to 154.18 µg/mL, superior to that exhibited by RSV with an IC 50 of 30.02 µg/mL. The Amu (Annona muricata) extract obtained from the leaf showed the most significant activity, possibly linked to its high content of alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which are specifically concentrated in the fruit pulp and leaf, the main storage sites of the plant [42]. The Ach (Annona cherimola) extract, also obtained from the leaves, showed an IC 50 = 155.04 µg/mL, which might also be associated with its content of phenolic compounds [42].…”

“…On the other hand, the Annona extracts (Amu, Ad, Are, and Ach, with the exception of Ap) showed a very low O 2 • − scavenging activity. Previous studies showed good but variable activity of both the methanol extract and water fraction of Annona extracts [42,46,47]. Of the 39 wild edible fruits consumed in Panama, Amu exhibited one the highest antioxidant capacity (928.57 mg Trolox ® equivalents/100 g fresh weight) with a high phenolic content while Ap (Annona purpurea) presented the lowest antioxidant activity (16.22 mg Trolox ® equivalents/100 g fresh weight) with a low phenolic content [48].…”

“…The Amu (Annona muricata) extract obtained from the leaf showed the most significant activity, possibly linked to its high content of alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which are specifically concentrated in the fruit pulp and leaf, the main storage sites of the plant [42]. The Ach (Annona cherimola) extract, also obtained from the leaves, showed an IC 50 = 155.04 µg/mL, which might also be associated with its content of phenolic compounds [42]. Regardless of the family to which the other extracts belong, any appreciable difference among their ability to quench OH• was observed.…”

Production and characterization of enzyme‐treated spray‐dried soursop (Annona muricata L.) powder

“…Annona muricata L ., commonly known as soursop, has received considerable attention from the public because numerous studies have been conducted and indicated that soursop fruit is nutritionally high in carbohydrates and contains appreciable amounts of micronutrients and minerals (Agu & Okolie, ; de Souza, Pereira, Queiroz, Borges, & de Deus Souza Carneiro, ). However, one of the apparent features of this fruit is that it softens and bruises easily, and releases an unpleasant strong smell when ripe (Espinosa, Ortiz, Tovar, Mata, & Montalvo, ).…”