Proximate composition and selected mineral content of commercially important fish species from the black sea

Abstract

Proximate composition, selected mineral (Zn, Fe, Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu) content and fatty acid profiles were determined in some widely consumed fish species obtained from the Black Sea. All fish species analysed individually were fairly high in protein (14·1–25·1%) and lipid (7·4–18·4%). Moisture and ash content varied within a narrow range. The mineral content was highly variable. The most abundant microelements in fish were Zn and Fe followed by Cu, and the remaining elements were present in amounts below toxic levels. Eight fatty acids (16: 0, 16:1, n‐7, 18: 0, 18:1 n‐9, 18: 2 n‐6, 20:1 n‐9, 20: 5 n‐3, 22: 6 n‐3) represented more than 60% of the fatty acid content. Saturated fatty acids ranged from 25·8 to 45·1%. Anchovy and whiting contained almost 35% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exceeded that of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in almost all the fish species examined, and the actual content of these acids has shown that sprat, whiting, garfish, red mullet, shad and sea bream provide the recommended daily intake of 1 g of EPA+DHA with reasonable amounts of fillet. These results indicate that biological differences existing in fish species can influence the values to be set for the standards and composition. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Guner et al (1998) reported that fat content of shad is 15.91% which is lower than what was found in our study. The protein content of shad is reported to be 22.42% by Guner et al (1998), which is higher than the average obtained in this study. This might be because of the inability to compare the average values of six months with the values obtained from a single sample obtained in different times of the catching season.…”

“…The results obtained are in partial agreement with that previously reported by Guner et al (1998). Guner et al (1998) reported that fat content of shad is 15.91% which is lower than what was found in our study. The protein content of shad is reported to be 22.42% by Guner et al (1998), which is higher than the average obtained in this study.…”

“…The results obtained are in partial agreement with that previously reported by Guner et al (1998). Guner et al (1998) reported that fat content of shad is 15.91% which is lower than what was found in our study.…”

“…Total mineral content was determined by incinerating samples at 550±10C for 3 hours where magnesium acetate solvent was used as an incineration aid (Watson, 1994). Carbohydrate content and energy value were calculated by subtracting the total of protein, fat, water and mineral fro m the whole and by mult iply ing fat, protein and carbohydrate with appropriate coefficients (Holland et al, 1993;Guner et al, 1998). All chemicals used were in analyt ical grade and obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), Sig maAldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Mallinckrodt Baker (formerly known as J.T.…”

Fish Lipids as a Valuable Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

“…While the ratios of these FAs vary as per the food source, DPA is typically less prevalent than EPA and DHA. The family of long chain n-6 PUFA comprises Gama-linolenic acid (18:3n-6, GLA) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA), which are derived from the parent fatty acid LA [6,12,20]. The n-6 PUFA deficiency symptoms are dermatitis, growth retardation and infertility in relation to its biological function: LA is a structural component of the skin ceramides, acting as a water barrier; ARA is a precursor of eicosanoids.…”